introduction: electroporation is a practical technique used to transport the molecules across the cell membrane. the utilization of fluorescent molecules is the method widely used to evaluate the electropermeability of cell membrane as a result of pulse application. it is also possible to use mathematical methods to predict the changes caused in cell electropermeability as a result of the chang...

We report on remote delivery of 25 pJ broadband nearinfrared femtosecond light pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser through 150 meters of single-mode optical fiber. Pulse distortion due to dispersion is overcome with precompensation using adaptive pulse shaping techniques, while nonlinearities are mitigated using an SF10 rod for the final stage of pulse compression. Near transform limited pulse dura...

We study the wakefield in a plasma filled rectangular waveguide based on a differential equation derived in terms of the wake potential , when the pulse duration matches with inverse of the plasma frequency fp 1 . This equation is solved using fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for the Gaussian-like profile of the microwave pulse. The effects of microwave frequency f , waveguide width b and microw...

Passively synchronized Er-doped and Yb-doped mode-locked fiber lasers with a master–slave configuration are theoretically investigated based on the pulse propagationmodel for simulating pulse collision in the common fiber section and on the master equation model for simulating laser dynamics. Computational results indicate that the central optical frequency of the slave Er laser will be shifted...

The paper evaluates the effect of multipath propagation on broadband terrestrial free-space optical links. At 10 Gbs the pulse duration is 0.1 ns for binary signaling and multipath propagation during fog events may affect the channel bandwidth and cause intersymbol interference in the receiver. The analysis is based on single-scattering approximation and semi-analytical solution, which is compu...

Recently, lateral resolution of photoemission spectroscopy has been rapidly improving by several types of energy-filtered electron emission microscopes (PEEM) or by focused light sources.1–6) On the other hand, laser-based photoemission spectroscopy facilitates femtosecond time-resolution, revealing the dynamics of electrons and atoms on surfaces.7–11) The combination of lateral and temporal re...

Xe2+ ions can easily be formed by multiphoton absorption in Xe atoms at 0.53 03BCm. At low laser intensities, a laser-Xe atom interaction takes place which generates Xe2+ ions through a 15-photon absorption from Xe atoms. At higher intensities, a laser-Xe+ ion interaction takes place, generating Xe2+ ions through a 10-photon absorption from the Xe+ ion in its ground state. The former process is...

We analyze a sample of bright short bursts from the BATSE 4B-catalog and find that many short bursts are highly variable (δtmin/T ≪ 1, where δtmin is the shortest pulse duration and T is the burst duration). This indicates that it is unlikely that short bursts are produced by external shocks. We also analyze the available (first 1-2 seconds) high resolution (TTE) data of some of the long bursts...