Picornaviral RNA replication utilizes a small virus-encoded protein, termed 3B or VPg, as a primer to initiate RNA synthesis. This priming step requires uridylylation of the VPg peptide by the viral polymerase protein 3D(pol), in conjunction with other viral or host cofactors. In this study, we compared the viral specificity in 3D(pol)-catalyzed uridylylation reactions between poliovirus (PV) a...

Introduction: Potential vorticity (hereafter PV) is a dynamical tracer which is a product of the absolute vorticity and static stability of the atmosphere. PV can be redistributed but neither created or destroyed on an isentropic surface in the absence of friction and diabatic processes [1]. The conservation principle explains why PV is used to study polar vortices on Earth. PV contains informa...

Introduction: Potential vorticity (hereafter PV) is a dynamical tracer which is a product of the absolute vorticity and static stability of the atmosphere. PV can be redistributed but neither created or destroyed on an isentropic surface in the absence of friction and diabatic processes [1]. The conservation principle explains why PV is used to study polar vortices on Earth. PV contains informa...

The dual cascade of enstrophy and energy in quasi-two-dimensional turbulence strongly suggests that a viscous but otherwise potential vorticity (PV) conserving system decays selectively toward a state of minimum potential enstrophy. We derive a nonperturbative mean field theory for the dynamics of minimum enstrophy relaxation by constructing an expression for PV flux during the relaxation proce...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the types, prevalence rates, and clinical implications of portal vein (PV) variations using routine abdominal multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 1384 retrospectively evaluated patients (721 males, 663 females) that had undergone routine abdominal MDCT. Portal phase CT scans (2.5 mm collimation, tabl...

Studies have suggested that the nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) could play an important role in human cancers. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which it functions in vivo to affect cancer progression are not clear. The present study elucidated the in vivo actions of NCOR1 in carcinogenesis using a mouse model (Thrb(PV/PV) mice) that spontaneously develops thyroid cancer. Thr...

Despite a growing knowledge about the biological diversity of papillomaviruses (PV), only little is known about non-human PV in general and about PV mice models in particular. We cloned and sequenced the complete genomes of two novel PV types from the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus; RnPV2) and the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus; AsPV1) as well as a novel variant of the recently described MmuPV1...

The basolateral amygdala (ABL) contains pyramidal projection neurons (PNs) and several discrete subpopulations of nonpyramidal interneurons. Interneurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) constitute about half of all ABL interneurons, and provide a robust innervation of the perisomatic domain of PNs. Although it is known that PNs reciprocate this projection by innervating ...

BACKGROUND Circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is the cornerstone of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF); however, PV reconnection remains problematic. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of PV anatomy on outcome after AF ablation. METHODS One hundred two patients with paroxysmal AF underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (60%) or computed tomography (40%) before AF ablation. P...

A new Pt(II)-based metalloviologen analog, [PtCl(Mepytpy)](2+) (abbreviated as PV(2+); Mepytpy(+) = 4'-(4-methyl-pyridinio)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine), was synthesized and its spectroscopic and electrochemical properties were investigated. The structures of Mepytpy(+) and PV(2+) were solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Electrochemical studies in DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) reveal...