Wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase, is a useful tool for studying protein trafficking and identifying organelles in the plant secretory and endocytic pathways. It has recently been demonstrated that wortmannin at 16.5 microM or 33 microM caused the prevacuolar compartments (PVCs), identified as multivesicular bodies (MVBs) by their enrichment in vacuolar sorting ...

heterogeneous proton exchange membranes (pem) are synthesized using the dry phase inversion technique. the casting solutions are prepared by dispersing a finely ground cation exchange resin particle in n,n-dimethylacetamide (dmac) solution of polyvinyl-chloride (pvc). results show that ion exchange capacity is increased with the addition of 1 %-wt nanosilica (from 0.14 to 0.27 meq/g) while it i...

Novel ionophores comprising various hydroxide and amine structures were immobilized onto poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrices, and these were examined to determine Ti(III) selectivity. To predict the selectivity of Ti(III), a PVC membrane was used to investigate the binding of Ti(III) to c-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CMCR). The study showed that the chelating ligand, CMCR, was coordinated selec...

An esterified pillar[5]arene has been incorporated into a PVC electrochemical membrane. The resulting pH-responsive sensor functions in the range of pH 1 to 4 in a non-linear manner.

The PVC membrane of an ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensitive to dibasic phosphate ions (HPO4-ISE) has not been optimized for maximum selectivity, sensitivity, and useable ISE lifetime and further work was necessary to improve its performance. Two areas of investigation are reported here: include the parameters for the lipophilicity of the plasticizer compound used and the amount of cyclic pol...

The Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae (PVC) super-phylum contains bacteria with either complex cellular organization or simple cell structure; it also includes organisms of different lifestyles (pathogens, mutualists, commensal, and free-living). Genome content evolution of this group has not been studied in a systematic fashion, which would reveal genes underlying the emergence of PV...

This work presents a flexible miniaturized ion-selective sensor consisting of a solidcontact reference electrode (RE) and ion-selective electrodes (ISE) fabricated on the same foil. The flexible ion sensor was based on AgCl electrodes screen printed on polyethylene terephthalate foil. The RE was formed by casting a mixture of plasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) and KCl on the AgCl electrode. Th...