BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical dormancy (PY)-break in some annual plant species is a two-step process controlled by two different temperature and/or moisture regimes. The thermal time model has been used to quantify PY-break in several species of Fabaceae, but not to describe stepwise PY-break. The primary aims of this study were to quantify the thermal requirement for sensitivity induction by de...

The broadening of inhaled aerosol boluses (aerosol bolus dispersion) during respiration provides a noninvasive measure of convective gas mixing in the lungs. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of this technique for the diagnosis of early lung impairment due to cigarette smoking was evaluated. Two hundred and sixteen randomly selected subjects (126 smokers and 90 nonsmokers) were inv...

A soluble, functionalized Py-SWNT has been synthesized and characterized by solution (1)H and (13)C NMR, FT-Raman, and electron microscopy. Experimental data indicate that Py-SWNT has short tubes with pentyl esters at the tips and pyridyl isoxazolino units along the walls. The synthesis of Py-SWNT is based on a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a nitrile oxide on the SWNT walls, similar to 1,3-dipol...

The reactivity of phosphenium dication [(Ph3P)2C-P-NiPr2](2+), 1(2+), towards pyridine N-oxide (O-py) has been investigated. The resulting oxophosphonium dication [(Ph3P)2C(NiPr2)P(O)(O-py)](2+), 2(2+), was surprisingly stabilized by a less nucleophilic O-py ligand instead of pyridine (py). This compound was then identified as an analogue of the elusive Criegee intermediate as it underwent oxyg...

New cationic silver-containing ionic liquids were synthesized and used as non-aqueous electrolytes for the electrodeposition of silver layers. In the liquid state of these ionic liquids, a silver (i) cation is coordinated by pyridine-N-oxide (py-O) ligands in a 1 : 3 metal-to-ligand ratio, although in some cases a different stoichiometry of the silver center crystallized out. As anions, bis(tri...

Spin transport characteristics of graphene has been extensively studied so far. The spin along c-axis is however reported by rather limited number papers. We have through with permalloy(Py)/graphene(Gr)/Pt gigahertz (GHz) and terahertz (THz) magnetization dynamics driven femtosecond laser pulses. relatively simple sample structure does not require electrodes on the sample. layer was prepared ch...

The magnetic properties of thin-film multilayers [Fe/Py]/FeMn/Py are investigated as a function temperature and thickness the antiferromagnetic FeMn spacer using SQUID magnetometry. observed behavior differs substantially for structures with 6 nm 15 spacers. While structure exhibits exchange pinning both ferromagnetic layers in entire measurement interval from 5 to 300 K, becomes de-pinned vici...

Four new hybrid lead(II) halide perovskites, γ-(FA)2PbBr4, (FA)1.5(AA)0.5PbBr4, (PY)(GA)PbBr4 and (PY)(TZ)PbBr4 ((FA)=formamidinium, (AA)=acetamidinium, (PY)=pyrazolium, (GA)=guanidinium (TZ)=1,2,3-triazolium), adopt (110)-oriented layered perovskite structures. While (PY) is found to template the formation of ‘conventional’ structure types (i. e. containing staggered [PbBr4]∞ layers), (FA) sho...

OBJECTIVE To report the long-term safety data of certolizumab pegol (CZP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) accumulated as of 30 November 2011. DESIGN Data from 10 completed randomised controlled trials (RCT) of CZP in RA and several open-label extensions (OLE) were pooled across all doses. Reported adverse events (AE) occurred between the first dose and 84 days after the last dose. All deaths, se...