Neuromodulation is well known to provide plasticity in pattern generating circuits, but few details are available concerning modulation of motor pattern coordination. We are using the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system to examine how co-expressed rhythms are modulated to regulate frequency and maintain coordination. The system produces two related motor patterns, the gastric mill rhythm t...

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a common disease of unknown etiology. The tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-deficient hyperphenylalaninemia-1 (hph-1) newborn mouse has a similar phenotype to the human condition. For hph-1 and wild-type control animals, pyloric tissue agonist-induced contractile properties, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cGMP, neuronal nitric oxide synthase ...

Rhythm generation by the pyloric motor network in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the spiny lobster requires permissive neuromodulatory inputs from other central ganglia. When these inputs to the STG are suppressed by cutting the single, mainly afferent stomatogastric nerve (stn), pyloric neurons cease to burst and the network falls silent. However, as shown previously, if such a decentral...

Stimulation of localised pyloric contractions may be an important mechanism in the slowing of gastric emptying by cholecystokinin infusion. The effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide on fasting pyloric motility was investigated in 14 healthy volunteers. Antral, pyloric, and duodenal pressure responses to normal saline and graded injections of cholecystokinin octapeptide (5, 10, and 20 ng/kg) wer...

The modulation of the pyloric network of the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the lobster Panulirus interruptus by the neuropeptide proctolin is described. First, the effects of proctolin on the pyloric motor patterns were characterized in terms of frequency and phase relations. Pyloric cycle frequency and lateral pyloric (LP) neuron activity increased and ventricular dilator (VD) neuron activi...

Sir, I should like to report a case of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presenting at the age of 2 years 6 months. This male, only child was admitted with a 5-day history of fever and vomiting, which was not bile stained. His past history was normal and he had not vomited in infancy. The vomiting settled within two days and he was discharged to be readmitted 8 days later with a recurrence of his s...

Introduction: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is  as a diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in children. Due to severe response and spastic in  the muscles of the digestive tract is created during endoscopy,endoscopy is often face with difficult. The aim of this study is to evaluate peppermint impact in pyloric spasm in children undergo endoscopy.   Material and Methods: In this ...

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The pentapeptide proctolin has been localized previously to the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system and shown to modulate the rhythmic activity of the pyloric network in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) (Marder et al., 1986; Hooper and Marder, 1987). We have now identified a pair of modulatory proctolin-containing neurons (MPNs) that cause proctolin-like modulation of the pyloric rhythm. ...

INTRODUCTION Pyloric duplication is an extremely rare gastrointestinal tract malformation in neonates. This is the first case report of pyloric duplication in our country (Lithuania). CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 2-day-old Lithuanian girl who suffered from pyloric duplication mimicking an alternative common bile duct cyst or other intra-abdominal organs cysts. A laparotomy was pe...