In August 2006, a pyrethrin insecticide synergized with piperonyl butoxide (EverGreen Crop Protection EC 60-6, McLaughlin Gormley King Company, Golden Valley, MN) was sprayed in ultralow volumes over the city of Davis, CA, by the Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District to control mosquitoes transmitting West Nile virus. Concurrently, we evaluated the impact of the insecticide on no...

Over-reliance on synthetic pesticides in insect pest control has caused widespread public and scientific concerns for human health and the environment, especially since many insect pests have already developed resistances to conventional pesticides and Bt products. For this reason, there is a considerable interest in development of alternative control methods for insect pest management. Based o...

BACKGROUND Chrysanthemic acid (CHA) is a major product from the photodecomposition of pyrethrin which is an important class of pesticide compounds.In the following paper, Hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the potential energy surface (PES) for three possible channels decomposition of chrysanthemic acid (cis-trans isomerization, rearrangement and fragmentation) have been car...

Pyrethrins are nowadays widely used for prevention and control of insects in leaf lettuce. However, there is a concern about the pesticide residue in leaf lettuce. A reliable analytical method for determination of pyrethrins (pyrethrin-and П, cinerin І and П, and jasmolin І and П) in leaf lettuce was developed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recoveries of pyrethrins in le...

Abstract The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is a serious invasive alien around the world and has expanded its range to Pacific Rim since early 2000s. It was first reported in Japan 2017, entry through cargo been numerous times many ports. Colonies have found Tokyo Port 2019, now it an urgent issue prevent further invasion establishment. Chemical contro...

Total release foggers (TRFs), sometimes called "bug bombs," are pesticide products designed to fill an area with insecticide and often are used in homes and workplaces to kill cockroaches, fleas, and flying insects. Most TRFs contain pyrethroid, pyrethrin, or both as active ingredients. TRFs also contain flammable aerosol propellants that can cause fires or explosions. The magnitude and range o...

Aerosol insecticides (also known as ULV or fogging treatments) delivered through an ultra-low-volume application system, are available commercially to control insect pests such as Plodia interpunctella Hübner, the Indian meal moth. However, little is known about the susceptibility of eggs of P. interpunctella to aerosol insecticides applied in active field sites. We conducted several trials by ...

Chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase (CPPase) catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of dimethylallyl diphosphate to produce chrysanthemyl diphosphate (CPP), a monoterpene with a non-head-to-tail or irregular c1'-2-3 linkage between isoprenoid units. Irregular monoterpenes are common in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and related members of the Asteraceae family. In C. cinerariaefolium, CPP i...

Parasites are natural stressors that may have multiple negative effects on their host as they usurp energy and nutrients and may lead to costly immune responses that may cause oxidative stress. At early stages, animals may be more sensitive to infectious organisms because of their rapid growth and partly immature immune system. The objective of this study was to explore effects of parasites by ...

In this study, we investigated effects of Anacyclus pyrethrum L. aqueous root extracts on gonadotropins (LH, FSH) and testosterone serum in adult male rats. A total number of 60 male adult rats were divided randomly into five groups (n=12) including one control group (A), sham control (B) and three test groups (C, D and E). Test groups (C, D and E) received 50, 100, 150 mg/kg does of A. pyrethr...