For NTCIR-6 CLQA, we improved our question answering system ASQA (Academia Sinica Question Answering System), which participated in NTCIR-5 CLQA, so that it could deal with the Chinese-Chinese (C-C) subtask and the English-Chinese (E-C) subtask. There are three innovations in the improved system: (a) to handle the E-C subtask, we have built an English question classifier that adopts Question In...

A theory of time as the ’information’ created in the irreversible decay process of excited or unstable states is proposed. Using new tools such as Feynman Clocks (FCs) [1], [2], [3], Feynman Detectors (FDs), Collective Excitation Networks (CENs), Sequential Excitation Networks (SENs), Plateaus of Complexity (POCs), Causal Networks, and Quantum Computation Methods [4], [5], [6] previously separa...

A theory of time as the ’information’ created in the irreversible decay process of excited or unstable states is proposed. Using new tools such as Feynman Clocks (FCs) [1], [2], [3], Feynman Detectors (FDs), Collective Excitation Networks (CENs), Sequential Excitation Networks (SENs), Plateaus of Complexity (POCs), Causal Networks, and Quantum Computation Methods [4], [5], [6] previously separa...

A steady source of buoyancy creates a plume. Experi­ mental and theoretical studies of plumes have been mainly concerned with the far-field (self-similar) velocity and den­ sity profiles. •-3 Yet in many practical situations, knowledge regarding the rate of molecular scale mixing of the buoyant fluid with its environment is needed. This is especially true in the context of atmospheric studies, ...

Background: A teacher with voice disorders is displaying a form of limitation in the teaching activity. Aims & Objective: To assess the magnitude of voice disorders among teachers and to identify the possible risk factors associated with voice disorders. Material and Methods: A total of 380 teachers were included. The researcher developed a questionnaire for data collection which comprised pers...

Conceptual developments and a novel approach to Quantum theories are here proposed starting from existing Quantum Group Algebra (QGA), Algebraic Quantum Field Theories (AQFT), standard and effective Quantum Field Theories (QFT), as well as the refined ‘machinery’ of Non–Abelian Algebraic Topology (NAAT), Category Theory (CT) and HigherDimensional Algebra (HDA). The open question of building val...

In order to optimize the micropropagation of Qare-Qat (Vaccinium arctostaphylus J.J.Sm), samples were collected from two regions of Iran (Asalem and Kelardasht). Anderson (AN) media containing different concentrations of zeatin (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1) and different levels of pH (4.5, 5 and 5.5) were compared. The in vitro shoots were transferred on AN media supplemented with zeatin (1 and 2...

In order to optimize the micropropagation of Qare-Qat (Vaccinium arctostaphylus J.J.Sm), samples were collected from two regions of Iran (Asalem and Kelardasht). Anderson (AN) media containing different concentrations of zeatin (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg L-1) and different levels of pH (4.5, 5 and 5.5) were compared. The in vitro shoots were transferred on AN media supplemented with zeatin (1 and 2...