Teacher training programs should provide evidence that they are preparing teacher trainees for their teaching career. However, the literature contains few evaluation reports of the layout of the pre-service EFL teacher training program in Iranian EFL context, a gap which this study tries to fill. The participants of the study were high school EFL teachers (n = 346), teacher trainees (n = 97) an...

Traditionally, qualitative simulation uses a global, state-based representation to describe the behavior of the modeled system. For larger, more complex systems this representation proves extremely inefficient since it provides a complete temporal ordering of all potential distinctions leading to a large, complex behavioral description that obscures relevant distinctions, or even fails to termi...

Until now world models in robotic soccer have been mainly quantitative in nature, consisting of fine-grained (numerical) estimates of player positions, ball trajectories, and the like. In contrast, the concepts used in human soccer are largely qualitative. Moving to qualitative world models also for robots has the advantage that it drastically reduces the space of possible game situations that ...

Although modern control theories have been successfully applied to solve a variety of problems, they are often mathematically and physically too specific to describe and analyze the qualitative properties of hybrid real-time systems. In this paper, we propose the use of qualitative formal methods, Compositional Modeling Language (CML) and Causal Functional Representation Language (CFRL) in part...

Until now world models in robotic soccer have been mainly quantitative in nature, consisting of fine-grained (numerical) estimates of player positions, ball trajectories, and the like. In contrast, the concepts used in human soccer are largely qualitative. Moving to qualitative world models also for robots has the advantage that it drastically reduces the space of possible game situations that ...