medicines constitute a substantial proportion of out-of-pocket (oop) expenses in indian households. in order to address this issue, the government of india launched the jan aushadhi (medicine for the masses) scheme (jas) to provide cheap generic medicines to the patients (http://janaushadhi.gov.in/about_jan_aushadhi.html). these medicines are provided through the jan aushadhi stores established...

The Logit version of Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE) predicts that equilibrium behavior in games will vary systematically with payoff magnitudes, if all other factors are held constant (including the Nash equilibria of the game). We explore this in the context of a set of asymmetric 2×2 games with unique totally mixed strategy equilibria. The data provide little support for the payoff magnit...

In this paper, a secure data transmission scheme based on multiple paths for mobile ad hoc networks was presented. The scheme focused its attention on privacy and robustness in communication. For privacy, a coding scheme using XOR operation was established to strengthen the data confidentiality so that one can not uncover the information unless he took up all the K paths or special K-1 ones. Fo...

A position control scheme for an ultrasonic motor using an adaptive controller with dead-zone compensation is presented in this paper. In the proposed controller, the adaptive control scheme compensates the time-varying characteristic of the motor with online parameter identification. In order to overcome the effect of a dead-zone, a P controller is adopted. The effectiveness of the proposed co...

The study included about 1,500 half-siblings, 4 to 12 years old, of 21 P. ponderosa that were selected primarily on the basis of monoterpene composition. Three of the ecotypic regions (monoterpene races) of P. ponderosa were represented, and results were based on 25 to 200 siblings per parent. Composition of individual trees of a set of half-siblings usually varied greatly in two or more major ...

This paper presents a newly low-cost defined satellite architecture for the distribution of new broadband interactive TV-centric services to actual end-users in the home. It is known that satellite connections provides the best and quickest solution to reduce the digital divide in less-favored areas, which has been considered as a major issue in the diffusion of broadband access. The platform e...

Now, decades after the first environmental laws were passed in this country, policymakers face many choices when seeking to solve environmental problems. Will taxing polluters for their discharges be more effective than fining them for not meeting certain emissions standards? Will a regulatory agency find it less costly to enforce a ban or oversee a system of tradable permits? Which strategy wi...

Land desertification is one of the most serious environmental and social-economic problems in the North China. The processes of desertification mainly have being controlled by the interaction of human activities and fragile eco-environment, that means the pattern and intension of landuse are major factors for development or reverse of desertification. Because of the increasing pressure of popul...

Quick Response Code (QR Code) has become an important entrance of O2O (Online to Offline) in the era of mobile internet. Many applications, such as transformation of URLs, the descriptions of these images, and so on can be realized through embedding QR Code into images. However, the embedding of QR Code may destroy some image details in the corresponding area, which is annoying, especially in t...

In this study, an automatic approach for detecting QRS complexes and evaluating related R-R intervals of ECG signals (PNDM) is proposed. It reliably recognizes QRS complexes based on the deflection occurred between R & S waves as a large positive and negative interval with respect to other ECG signal waves. The proposed detection method follows new fast direct algorithm applied to the entire EC...