Crystals of Sindbis virus, which contains a lipid-bilayer membrane, have been grown using polyethylene glycol. The space group is R32, a = b = 640 A, c = 1520 A. The crystals are highly mosaic, and recorded diffraction is therefore restricted to spacings of about 30 A. The crystals show that the packing of glycoproteins E1 and E2 in the icosahedral outer shell is sufficiently precise that it pe...

There is substantial empirical evidence that innovation is geographically concentrated. Unlike what is generally assumed, however, it is not clear that localised knowledge spillovers provide a theoretically valid explanation for this. Studying spillovers of cost-reducing technology between Cournot oligopolists we show that 1) localised knowledge spillovers of any level do encourage agglomeratio...

The sixth PDZ domain from GRIP1 and its complex with the octapeptide of the liprin-alpha1 C-terminus were crystallized at 294 K by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The native crystal belongs to space group P6(1)22 (or P6(5)22), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 40.3, c = 222.9 A. The complex crystal belongs to space group R32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 117.8, c = 102.0 A. Nativ...

This paper applies the concept of damage coefficients introduced in Houba and Kremers (2008) to provide an estimate of the cost of climate change in particular the cost of changes in mean regional temperature and precipitation to the fruit vegetation sector. We concentrate on the production of apples in the German ‘Alte Land’ region. The estimated cost of climate change on apple-growing in the ...

Resistance of pathogens to antibiotics is often dependent on multi-drug export proteins that reside in the inner membrane of bacteria. This work describes the expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of AcrB of Escherichia coli. Together with AcrA and TolC, AcrB forms a proton motive force dependent efflux pump of the resistance-nodulation-cell divisio...

Previous theoretical researches show that learning from good performers yields intense competition and results in the low profitability of firms. These researchers do not take into account differentiation strategies being referred as a useful strategic tool to mitigate competition. We introduce an evolutionary (learning) game into a duopoly model with product differentiation on the Hotelling li...

The Azotobacter vinelandii NifL protein is a redox-sensing flavoprotein which inhibits the activity of the nitrogen-specific transcriptional activator NifA. The N-terminal PAS domain has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystal belongs to the rhombohedral space group R32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 65.0, c = 157.3 A,...

Alanine dehydrogenase (L-AlaDH) from Bacillus megaterium WSH-002 catalyses the NAD⁺-dependent interconversion of L-alanine and pyruvate. The enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells and purified with a His6 tag by Ni²⁺-chelating affinity chromatography for X-ray crystallographic analysis. Crystals were grown in a solution consisting of 0.1 M HEPES pH 8.0, 12%(w/v) polyethylene ...

A computer program running under X-windows on any unix system has been developed for the visualization of symmetry in reciprocal space using reduced data from crystal measurements. The program was demonstrated using a test crystal of the inclusion compound of camphor(+) in thiourea, in the moderately high symmetry space group R32. The results indicate the usefulness of the visualization approac...