background: this study set out to evaluate the utility of cerebrovascular virtual non-contrast (vnc) scans. materials and methods: conventional non-contrast (cnc) and dual-energy computed tomography angiography (de-cta) head scans were conducted on 100 subjects, of which 46 were normal, 15 had parenchymal hematomas of the brain, 13 had ischemic infarction, 22 had tumors, and 4 had calcified les...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic technique that involves the excitation of a molecular target by a beam of laser radiation followed by the detection of the subsequent emission of radiation from the target. LIF detection has several advantages over absorption spectroscopy. First, LIF has excellent detection sensitivity because a signal is observed against a dark background. Se...

The radiation damage effect is relatively serious during spacecraft operation in orbit. To know the real cumulative dose orbit accurately, a detector carried on FY-4B satellite. It comprises one electric control unit and three detectors, with total of four payloads. Each includes five dose-monitoring points corresponding to different shielding thicknesses, which are mainly used for measurement ...

Ionizing radiation is useful for the conservation and disinfestation of fresh and dried fruits. The treatment of fruits with gamma-rays or beams of accelerated electrons has been carefully tested and was recommended by FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission for the common use as an effective and safe preservation method [1]. It was found earlier that the ionizing radiation produces stable EPR si...