This report describes a system for integrating photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) using fi beroptics. Many photoelectric sensors or 1-m-long line sensors that integrate individual interception points for spatial averaging were replaced with fi beroptics, which integrate interception points. Depending on the positioning of optical fi bers and the amount of fi bers terminated at a PAR sens...

abstract the impact of rainfall and light interception by litter on maintenance of surface soil water content is determined in an arid rangeland in khabr national park in south-east of iran. litter weight sampling is done by 90 square plots, each 1 m2, that are randomly placed within site. after determining the intensity of a typical storm of the region (20 mm/h), the rainfall duration required...

and Amthor (1999) suggested that the RUE era in crop modeling should be closed. Accurate measurement of crop growth and radiation use efficiency A number of factors contribute to the variation in (RUE) under optimal growth conditions is required to predict plant reported estimates of RUE (Sinclair and Muchow, 1999). dry matter accumulation and grain yield near the genetic growth potential. Rese...

[1] This paper addresses the effects of canopy physical processes on snow mass and energy balances in boreal ecosystems. We incorporate new parameterizations of radiation transfer through the vegetation canopy, interception of snow by the vegetation canopy, and under-canopy sensible heat transfer processes into the Versatile Integrator of Surface and Atmosphere (VISA) and test the model results...

in order to evaluate the effect of sugar beet sowing date, planting density and cultivar on solar radiation interception, a study was conducted in kamal-abad agricultural research station of sugar beet seed institute (sbsi) in 2005 and 2006. the experimental design was split-split plots based on randomized complete block design (rcbd) with three replications with two sowing dates as the main pl...

We quantified the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception in a high-density (HD) and super (SHD) or hedgerow olive system, by measuring PAR transmitted under canopy along transects at increasing distance from tree rows. Transmitted was measured every minute, then cumulated over day season. The frequencies of different levels occurring during were calculated. SHD intercepted signi...

The electromagnetic waves emitted by computer system at work, and may cause information leakage, will be a serious threat to information security. This paper first analyzed the mechanism of the electromagnetic information leakage based on electromagnetics and antenna theory, for the process of resulting in electromagnetic information leakage, "anti-radiation leakage”,” preventing electromagneti...