Precision measurements of quantum systems often seek to probe or must account for the interaction with blackbody radiation. Over past several decades, much attention has been given AC Stark shifts and stimulated state transfer. For a in thermodynamic equilibrium, these two effects are determined by expectation value photon number each mode Planck spectrum. Here, we explore how variance an equil...

Considering the extensive usage of electronic systems in Spacecraft and harsh radiation environment in the Space, radiation effects on electronic systems and development of radiation hardening electronic systems have been a topic of research. Researchers are trying to solve this problem at various abstraction levels, starting from fabrication technology to packaging and at system level. This pa...