Large floods are often attributed to the melting of snow during a rain event. This study tested how climate variability, snowpack presence, and basin physiography were related to storm hydrograph shape in three small (<1 km2) basins with old-growth forest in western Oregon. Relationships between hydrograph characteristics and precipitation were tested for approximately 800 storms over a nearly ...

Controls on the sensitivity of mountain snowpack accumulation to climate warming (lS) are investigated. This is accomplished using two idealized, physically based models of mountain snowfall to simulate snowpack accumulation for the Cascade Mountains under current and warmed climates. Both models are forced from sounding observations. The first model uses the linear theory (LT) model of orograp...

Eight of the current sizing and design methods proposed for bioretention facilities were evaluated for rainfall runoff and snow storage volumes for a costal cold climate in Trondheim, Norway. The RECARGA bioretention infiltration model was used to compare the performance of the methods using 30 months of observed data from a pilot scale bioretention box. The surface areas, total ponding time, n...

A close association has been established between climate and peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). The incidence of PUB in cold climates is significantly higher than that in hot climates. In this study, gastric mucosal damage and its barrier function (through associated barrier factors) in extreme climate conditions were examined to investigate the pathogenesis of PUB in extreme cold climates. Gastric j...

Snow cover is one of the most important variables affecting agriculture, hydrology, and climate, but detailed measurements are not widely available. Therefore, the effectiveness and validity of snow schemes in general circulation models have been difficult to assess. Using long-term snow cover data from the former Soviet Union, this paper focuses on the validation of the snow submodel in the Bi...

16 17 This study characterizes the spatial and temporal patterns of aerosol and precipitation 18 composition at six sites across the United States Southwest between 1995 and 2010. Precipitation 19 accumulation occurs mostly during the wintertime (December February) and during the 20 monsoon season (July September). Rain and snow pH levels are usually between 5 – 6, with 21 crustal-derived speci...