When rain falls on an existing cover of snow, followed by low temperatures, or as freezing rain, it can leave a hard crust. These Arctic snow (ROS) events profoundly influence the environment and in turn, human livelihoods. Impacts be immediate (e.g. travel, herding, harvesting) evolve accumulate, leading to massive starvation-induced die-offs reindeer, caribou, musk oxen, for example. We provi...

[1] Long-term observational data reveal that both the frequency and amount of light rain have decreased in eastern China (EC) for 1956–2005 with high spatial coherency. This is different from the trend of total rainfall observed in EC, which decreases in northern EC and increases in southern EC. To examine the cause of the light rain trends, we analyzed the long-term variability of atmospheric ...

Propagation measurements at Ku-band over an earth-space path have been carried out at Kolkata (22°34′ N, 88°29′ E) by receiving a signal at 11.172 GHz from the satellite NSS-6 (geostationary at 95°E). The amplitudes of the co-polar signal and the cross-polar component have been monitored along with the measurements of rain rate and drop size distribution by an optical raingauge and a Joss-type ...

This article proposes an application of the EXCELL model to microwave local multipoint distribution systems. With EXCELL, validated in many years of observations with a meteorological radar, rain is modeled by a population of exponentially-profiled raincells. Their statistics can be made to honor any given rainfall cumulative distribution function. It is, thus, possible to simulate synthetic pr...

The relation between wind-driven rain (WDR) and its potential negative effects on the hygrothermal performance and durability of building facades can be better understood by the correct estimation of the spatial and temporal distribution of the WDR intensity. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with Eulerian Multiphase (EM) modeling are used to obtain accurate spatial and temporal in...

Areal rainfall estimation from ground sensors is essential as a direct input to various hydrometeorological models or as a validation of remote sensing estimates. More critical than the estimation itself is the assessment of the uncertainty associated with it. In tropical regions knowledge on this topic is especially scarce due to a lack of appropriate data. It is proposed here to assess standa...

A channel model is proposed to predict the time series of Ku-band rain attenuation during rain events at a tropical location. The model is based on considering the Gaussian distribution of the conditional occurrence of rain attenuation with a particular value of the attenuation occurring before. The mean and standard deviation for the distribution are modelled with the experimental data. The at...

Recently developed algorithms have shown the potential recovery of rainfall information from spaceborne dual-frequency altimeters. Given the long mission achieved with TOPEX and the prospect of several other dual-frequency altimeters, we need to validate the altimetrically derived values so as to foster their integration with rain information from different sensors. Comparison with some alterna...

1. INTRODUCTION Across much of the United States, and in many parts of the world, winter precipitation can come in many forms. It can range from all-liquid rain, to partially frozen particles, and completely frozen particles such as ice pellets or snow. The results of winter precipitation, then, are highly dependent on what type of precipitation falls. If rain falls into subfreezing environment...

Scintillations of a Ku-band satellite signal are observed in association with rain attenuation at Kolkata, India. The wavelet analysis of signal fluctuations, due to simultaneous occurrence of scintillations and attenuation, reveals the relative impact of different scales of refractivity structures on the signal at different instants of time. A positive relationship exists between the peaks in ...