An extension of the metric space in which distance same point is not always zero called a partial space. Orthogonality relation two perpendicular lines at one intersection forming right angle. There are several ways to define orthogonality, including Pythagorean Orthogonality, Isosceles and Birkhoff-James Orthogonality. The purpose this research study consistency definition orthogonality Based ...

A Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GM-APD) laser radar range image has much noise when the signal-to-background ratios (SBRs) are low, making it difficult to recover real target scene. In this paper, based on GM-APD lidar denoising model of fractional-order total variation (FOTV), spatial relationship and similarity between pixels obtained by using a kernel function optimize fractional differe...

Supervised dimensionality reduction has emerged as an important theme in the last decade. Despite the plethora of models and formulations, there is a lack of a simple model which aims to project the set of patterns into a space defined by the classes (or categories). To this end, we set up a model in which each class is represented as a 1D subspace of the vector space formed by the features. As...

Non parametric regression methods can be presented in two main clusters. The one of smoothing splines methods requiring positive kernels and the other one known as Nonparametric Kernel Regression allowing the use of non positive kernels such as the Epanechnikov kernel. We propose a generalization of the smoothing spline method to include kernels which are still symmetric but not positive semi d...

We define the angle of a bounded linear operator A along curve emanating from origin and use it to characterize range-kernel complementarity. In particular we show that if $$\sigma (A)$$ does not separate 0 $$\infty $$ , then $$X=R(A)\oplus N(A)$$ only R(A) is closed some less than $$\pi . first apply this result invertible operators have spectral set Next extend notion Banach algebras prove tw...

We consider the downlink throughput maximization problem for interference limited multiuser systems. Our goal is to characterize the optimum base station transmission policy (TDMA or CDMA), and find the corresponding power allocation. We model the interference by the aid of the orthogonality factor and determine the transmission strategy for a range of the values of the orthogonality factor, an...

We introduce a new stopping-time argument, adapted to handle linear sums of noncompactly-supported functions that satisfy fairly weak decay, smoothness, and cancellation conditions. We use the argument to obtain a new Littlewood-Paley-type result for such sums. 0. Introduction. First, an apology. The title, though correct, is somewhat misleading. It should be “Global almostorthogonality implies...