Laryngeal cancer is a rare type of neoplasia, constituting approximately 2% of all human cancers. Mutations of the ras gene family is one of the main activating mechanisms in human cancer. Their involvement in head and neck cancer has been mainly demonstrated at the level of the overexpression whereas ras mutations in these cancers are rare in the Western world. In the present study we explored...

Nowadays, RAS mutational status remains a key determinant in mCRC patients’ therapeutic algorithm. Mutations involving codon 61 are rare, accounting for 1-4%, but have been recently identified with high frequency ctDNA of pts secondary resistance to anti-EGFR mAbs, prevalence 50% the Chronos trial. Despite growing clinical relevance these mutations, evidence on clinicopathological features and ...

The number of synonymous mutations per synonymous site (K(s)), the number of nonsynonymous mutations per nonsynonymous site (K(a)), and the codon usage statistic (N(c)) were calculated for several hepatitis A virus (HAV) isolates. While K(s) was similar to those of poliovirus (PV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), K(a) was 1 order of magnitude lower. The N(c) parameter provides informati...

in order to study and compare the phosphate transporter gene codon usage and it's respond to the traits like salt tolerance, day length, pollination and temperature in different plants, 100 isoform from 10 plants are extracted from ncbi website and then analyzed with gene infinity and minitab 16 software. the result shows that the highest codon usage similarity (81.95%) was for wheat and oryza ...

Rare AGA or AGG codons close to the initiation codon inhibit protein synthesis by a tRNA-sequestering mechanism as toxic minigenes do. To further understand this mechanism, a parallel analysis of protein synthesis and peptidyl-tRNA accumulation was performed using both a set of lacZ constructs where AGAAGA codons were moved codon by codon from +2, +3 up to +7, +8 positions and a series of 3-8 c...

Gene codon optimization may be impaired by the misinterpretation of frequency and optimality of codons. Although recent studies have revealed the effects of codon usage bias (CUB) on protein biosynthesis, an integrated perspective of the biological role of individual codons remains unknown. Unlike other previous studies, we show, through an integrated framework that attributes of codons such as...

Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare glomerulopathy caused by lipoprotein thrombi. In almost all cases of LPG, several apolipoprotein (apo) E mutations were reported. Here, we present a case of LPG caused by a novel mutation that we named ApoE2 Kurashiki, which substitutes arginine with proline at apoE codon 158. ApoE2 polymorphism is well known for its relationship to type III hyperlipop...

Wolfram syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by early-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and neurological and endocrinological abnormalities. A 47-year-old Japanese man with frequent severe hypoglycemic episodes was diagnosed as Wolfram syndrome based on clinical features and laboratory data. He had positive glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and insulinoma-associat...