The expected event rate of lensed gravitational wave sources scales with the merger at redshift $z\geq 1$, where optical depth for lensing is high. It commonly assumed that astrophysical compact objects closely connected star formation rate, which peaks around $z\sim 2$. However, a major source uncertainty delay time between and objects. We explore impact on rate. show as increases, peak gets d...

In this paper, the spatial distribution of stony desertification characteristics and its influencing factors in Karst areas in different sampling scales are studied using a grid sampling method based on geographic information system (GIS) technology and geo-statistics, with the rock bareness rate obtained through sampling with 150m × 150m grids in the Houzhai River Basin being taken as the orig...

abstract evapotranspiration (et) determination is a key factor for irrigation scheduling, water balance, irrigation system design and management and crop yields simulation. therefore many scientists have tried to estimate evapotranspiration in different spatial and temporal scales. remote sensing is a one of new technique in estimation of et in regional scales. so, in this study it’s tried to e...

This paper introduces a multi-rate hidden Markov model (multi-rate HMM) for multi-scale stochastic modeling of non-stationary processes. The multi-rate HMM decomposes the process variability into scale-based components, and characterizes both the intra-scale temporal evolution of the process and the inter-scale interactions. Scales are organized in a hierarchical manner from coarser scales to f...

background and purpose: using valid and reliable instruments is an important way for collecting data in qualitative researches. this paper is a report of a study conducted to examine the extent of psychometric properties of the scales in research papers published in journal of advanced nursing. methods: in this study, the journal of advanced nursing was chosen for systematic review. all article...

Large governmental payments for ecosystem services programs (PES) have frequently been criticized for their limited environmental effectiveness. The use of local intermediaries has been considered as one possibility for improving the environmental effectiveness of such programs. German Landcare Associations (LCAs) have been identified as one intermediary that holds the potential to positively i...