1.1 Setting Aside the Gettier Problem Since Gettier, much of epistemology has focused on analyzing “S knows that P”, but that is not my interest. My general interest is in rational cognition — both in what it is to be rational, and in how rational cognition works. The traditional epistemological question, “How do you know?”, can be taken as addressing part of the more general problem of produci...

In this paper we propose a version of default logic with the following two properties: (1) defaults with mutually inconsistent justi-cations are never used together in constructing a set of default consequences of a theory; (2) the reasoning formalized by our logic is related to the traditional skeptical mode of default reasoning. Our logic is based on the concept of a skeptical rational extens...

having in mind that ir theories include fpa aspect, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution of fpa in these theories. the necessity of this study become clearer when one acknowledges that fp makers should pay attention accurately to relationship between theory and practice in order to make successful rational decision in new complicated world. this enables them not only to...

Research on nonmonotonic and default reasoning has identi ed several important criteria for preferring alternative default inferences. The theories of reasoning based on each of these criteria may uniformly be viewed as theories of rational inference, in which the reasoner selects maximally preferred states of belief. Though researchers have noted some cases of apparent con ict between the pref...

It is well known that rational 2D conformal field theories are connected with Chern-Simons theories defined on 3D real manifolds. We consider holomorphic analogues of Chern-Simons theories defined on 3D complex manifolds (six real dimensions) and describe 4D conformal field theories connected with them. All these models are integrable. We describe analogues of the Virasoro and affine Lie algebr...

A bstract We construct a map between class of codes over F 4 and family non-rational Narain CFTs. This construction is complementary to recently introduced relation quantum stabilizer rational theories. From the modular bootstrap point view we formulate polynomial ansatz for partition function which reduces invariance handful algebraic easy-to-solve constraints. For certain small values central...

More general constructions are given of six-dimensional theories that look at low energy like six-dimensional super Yang-Mills theory. The constructions start with either parallel fivebranes in Type IIB, or M -theory on (C × S)/Γ for Γ a suitable finite group. Via these constructions, one can obtain six-dimensional theories with any simple gauge group, and SU(r) theories with any rational theta...

Displacement finite element models of various beam theories have been developed traditionally using conventional finite element basis functions (i.e., cubic Hermite, equi-spaced Lagrange interpolation functions, or spectral/hp Legendre functions). Various finite element models of beams differ from each other in the choice of the interpolation functions used for the transverse deflection w, tota...

A class of algebraic theories called “recursion-closed,” which generalize the rational theories studied by J. A. Goguen, J. W. Thatcher, E.G. Wagner and J. B. Wright in [in “Proceedings, 17th IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, Houston, Texas, October 1976,” pp. 147-158; in “Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, 1978,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 64, Springer-...

siderably in the social sciences, particularly in economics, political science, and law (e.g., Morrow 1994; Posner 1998; Sunstein 1999). In sociology, especially with the popularity of social capital theory, rational choice has gained traction as an individual-level theory of motivation compatible with macro-level theories of social structure (Coleman 1990). Nevertheless, skepticism in sociolog...