Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) represent the largest class of sources that upcoming {\gamma}-ray surveys will detect. Therefore, accurate modelling their global emission properties is one most urgent problems in high-energy astrophysics. Correctly characterizing these dominant objects a needed step to allow detect fainter sources, investigate signatures cosmic-ray propagation and estimate diffuse G...

ABSTRACT Accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars are known to provide a wealth of physical information during their successive states outburst and quiescence. Based on the observed spin-up spin-down rates these objects, it is possible, among other things, infer stellar magnetic field strength test models accretion disc flow. In this paper, we consider three accreting (XTE J1751–305, IGR J00291+5934...