It is already known that parallel multiple context-free grammar (PMCFG) [1] is an instance of the equivalent formalisms simple literal movement grammar (sLMG) [2,3] and range concatenation grammar (RCG) [4,5]. In this paper we show that by adding the single operation of intersection, borrowed from conjunctive grammar [6], PMCFG becomes equivalent to sLMG and RCG. As a corollary we get that PMCF...

We describe algorithms to explore the space of all possible reconciliations between a gene tree and a species tree. We propose an algorithm for generating a random reconciliation, and combinatorial operators and algorithms to explore the space of all possible reconciliations between a gene tree and a species tree in optimal time. We apply these algorithms to simulated data. Note. This extended ...

Abstract Introduction Up to 80% of adults with fibromyalgia experience insomnia. While sleep and pain are known be associated, sleep's role in the association between related disability neural correlates processing is unknown. We evaluated whether moderates brain activity response painful stimuli insomnia (FMI). Methods Twenty-nine FMI (Mage=57.2, SD=13.1) wore Actiwatch 2s over 14 days, comple...

In this paper, we present an open-source parsing environment (Tübingen Linguistic Parsing Architecture, TuLiPA) which uses Range Concatenation Grammar (RCG) as a pivot formalism, thus opening the way to the parsing of several mildly context-sensitive formalisms. This environment currently supports tree-based grammars (namely Tree-Adjoining Grammars (TAG) and Multi-Component TreeAdjoining Gramma...

BACKGROUND End-stage renal disease is a state of enhanced oxidative stress (OS) and hemodialysis (HD) and renal anemia further augment this disbalance. Anemia correction with erythropoietin (EPO) may improve oxidative status. However, there is no evidence of time dependent effects of EPO therapy on redox status of HD patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the durati...

OBJECTIVE The economic costs of hyperglycemia are substantial. Early detection would allow management to prevent or delay development of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. We investigated the economic justification for screening for pre-diabetes/diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We projected health system and societal costs over 3 years for 1,259 adults, comparing costs associat...

Nanoparticle shape can improve drug delivery, based in part on recent fi ndings that fl exible, worm-like nanocarriers (Worms) increase the amount of drug delivered to tumors and shrink the tumors more effectively than spherical micelles (Spheres). Here, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to build a rational coarse grain (rCG) model that helps clarify shape-dependent effects ...

BACKGROUND Study of in vivo antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and n-BuOH extract (BUTE) of Sapindus saponaria against azole-susceptible and -resistant human vaginal Candida spp. METHODS The in vitro antifungal activity of HE, BUTE, fluconazole (FLU), and itraconazole (ITRA) was determined by the broth microdilution method. We obtained values of minimal inhibitory concentr...

We have studied graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after transplantation of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) mobilized by either recombinant canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rcG-CSF) alone or combined with stem cell factor (rcSCF). These studies were prompted by the observation of extremely rapid and sustained engraftment of growth factor-mobilized PBSC in the autologous...

Red clump giants in the Galactic bulge are approximate standard candles and hence they can be used as distance indicators. We compute the proper motion dispersions of RCG stars in the Galactic bulge using the proper motion catalogue from the second phase of the Optical Gravitational Microlensing Experiment (OGLE-II, Sumi et al. 2004) for 45 fields. The proper motion dispersions are measured to ...