The inner surface of a metallic tube (i.d. 0.5 mm) was coated with a palladium (Pd)-based thin metallic layer by flow electroless plating. Simultaneous plating of Pd and silver (Ag) from their electroless-plating solution produced a mixed distributed bimetallic layer. Preferential acid leaching of Ag from the Pd-Ag layer produced a porous Pd surface. Hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol was examined ...

To make a uniform AlOx barrier layer in tunnel junctions, a thin layer of Al is often sputtered first and then oxidized. In this study, we sputtered a thick layer of Al onto Fe3O4 and then employed high resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy to investigate the interfacial microstructures. Two new layers have been found and investigated at the Al/Fe3...

The structure of a passivating sulfide layer on Ge(001) was studied using X-ray standing waves and X-ray fluorescence. The sulfide layer was formed by reacting clean Ge substrates in 42 solutions of various concentrations at 80°C. For each treatment, a sulfide layer containing approximately two to three monolayers (ML) of S was formed on the surface, and an ordered structure was found at the in...

In this study, a solid acid was prepared by the sulfonation of surface modified α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) single-layer nanosheets (SO3H@ZrP), and the prepared solid acid was investigated for the esterification of oleic acid with methanol to produce biodiesel. For comparison, liquid H2SO4 and commercial Amberlyst® 15 catalyst were also evaluated for the same reaction under the same conditions....

native stoichiometric oxide, TiO2, always present on the titanium surface, results in a non-reproducible induction time. During etching the surface of titanium is covered by a highly fluorinated layer which protects the metal by the reaction with oxygen. Chlorine is not able to remove the native oxide unless drastic conditions are realized, Once this layer is removed with fluorine, the reaction...

The induction period of the chemical reaction between Cu and S was visualized with STM, revealing a complex interplay between strain relief and reaction mechanism. Copper sulfide formation, monitored by high-resolution soft X-ray photoemission, started only after adsorption of ∼ 0.2 ML of S on a two-atom thick Cu layer supported by a Ru(0001) substrate. The pre-sulfide stages of sulfur interact...

We present results of density functional theory calculations on a Pt(111) slab with a bilayer of water, solvated protons in the water layer, and excess electrons in the metal surface. In this way we model the electrochemical double layer at a platinum electrode. By varying the number of protons/electrons in the double layer we investigate the system as a function of the electrode potential. We ...

We present results of density functional theory calculations on a Pt(111) slab with a bilayer of water, solvated protons in the water layer, and excess electrons in the metal surface. In this way we model the electrochemical double layer at a platinum electrode. By varying the number of protons/electrons in the double layer we investigate the system as a function of the electrode potential. We ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dimensional accuracy and surface property of titanium casting obtained using a gypsum-bonded alumina investment. The experimental gypsum-bonded alumina investment with 20 mass% gypsum content mixed with 2 mass% potassium sulfate was used for five cp titanium castings and three Cu-Zn alloy castings. The accuracy, surface roughness (Ra), and reacti...