USER friendly DNA recombination (USERec) is introduced as a near homology-independent method that allows the simultaneous recombination of an unprecedented number of 10 DNA fragments (approximately 40-400 bp) within a day. The large number of fragments and their ease of preparation enables the creation of libraries of much larger genetic diversity (potentially approximately 10(10)-10(11) sequen...

A major hurdle for current xenogenic-based and other approaches aimed at engineering kidney tissues is reproducing the complex three-dimensional structure of the kidney. Here, a stepwise, in vitro method of engineering rat kidney-like tissue capable of being implanted is described. Based on the fact that the stages of kidney development are separable into in vitro modules, an approach was devis...

We have developed a method by which the extent of physical exchange of DNA molecules can be determined throughout meiosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have used this technique to analyze the effect of five meiosis-defective mutations (rad6, rad50, rad52, rad57 and spo11) on the physical exchange of DNA molecules. In the same experiments, we have also measured other meiotic paramete...

The role of semantic knowledge and familiarity on retrieval processes were investigated in a test of the associative deficit hypothesis (ADH), and the data were interpreted from the perspectives of fuzzy trace theory and source monitoring errors (Naveh-Benjamin, 2000). Younger and older adults (N=60) studied pairs of words for two recognition tests – an item test, for recognition of individual ...

To investigate mtDNA recombination induced by multiple double strand breaks (DSBs) we used a mitochondria-targeted form of the ScaI restriction endonuclease to introduce DSBs in heteroplasmic mice and cells in which we were able to utilize haplotype differences to trace the origin of recombined molecules. ScaI cleaves multiple sites in each haplotype of the heteroplasmic mice (five in NZB and t...

Genes encoding lipoproteins LipL32, LipL41 and the outer-membrane protein OmpL1 of leptospira were recombined and cloned into a pVAX1 plasmid. BALB/c mice were immunized with LipL32 and recombined LipL32-41-OmpL1 using DNA-DNA, DNA-protein and protein-protein strategies, respectively. Prime immunization was on day 1, boost immunizations were on day 11 and day 21. Sera were collected from each m...

The inefficient delivery of proteins into mammalian cells remains a major barrier to realizing the therapeutic potential of many proteins. We and others have previously shown that superpositively charged proteins are efficiently endocytosed and can bring associated proteins and nucleic acids into cells. The vast majority of cargo delivered in this manner, however, remains in endosomes and does ...

An absolute measurement of the rate coefficient for dielectronic recombination ~DR! of C, via the 2s-2p core excitation, in an external electric field of 11.460.9(1s) V cm is presented. An inclined-beam arrangement is used and the stabilizing photons at ;155 nm are detected in delayed coincidence with the recombined ions. The full width at half maximum of the electron energy spread in the ion r...