In 2007 the Association of Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies (vfa) published recommendations to improve the quality and transparency of non-interventional studies. These recommendations include quality assurance measures, in particular with respect to transparency as well as for the verification of the data collected in these studies. This publication presents the results of a survey on f...

The previous decade saw the generation of a series of consensus and evidence-based guidelines for the optimal management of dialysis patients. The majority of these have emanated from national and regional committees. There is not always agreement among these documents; part of this disparity may have to do with the nuances of dialysis practice in different parts of the world. The International...

Treatment systems for highway runoff pollution control are now common structures for environmental impacts reduction in Portugal. Such systems must be monitored and its performance periodically assessed, in order to understand if they are accomplishing the targets for environmental protection. Wise management decisions must incorporate the soundness of the project, the construction and maintena...

PURPOSE To describe the development, indications, and limitations of Er:YAG lasers in the dental field. METHODS A review based on the literature search in PubMed and completed by other documents was performed. RESULTS Based on the synthesis of the reviewed literature different topics concerning the Er:YAG effects and applications in dentistry are discussed and recommendations for the use of...

BACKGROUND With the incidence of Little League elbow increasing, pitch limit recommendations for preventing throwing injuries have been developed in both the United States and Japan. However, levels of knowledge of and compliance with these recommendations among coaches of young baseball teams in Japan remain unknown. The relationship between these levels and elbow pain among players has not be...