A tandem spindle is defined as one in which several encapsulated sensory regions are linked together by some degree of muscle fibre continuity. Generally only one or two muscle fibres are continuous from capsule to capsule, while the rest taper off and partake of only one encapsulation. In the most common type, two capsules occur in linear succession (double tandem); triple and quintuple arrang...

This thesis is based on the following papers, which in the text are referred to by their Roman numerals: I. Position sense acuity is diminished following repetitive low-intensity work to fatigue in a simulated occupational setting. III. Acute muscle stretching does not alter position sense acuity. IV. Stretchability of the rectus femoris muscle: investigation of validity and intratester reliabi...

22 23 Abbreviations: kg, kilogram; COM, center of mass; APCOP, anterior-posterior center of pressure; 24 EMG, electromyography; LOS, limits of stability; GM, medial gastrocnemius; SOL, soleus; RF, rectus 25 femoris; BF, biceps femoris; LES, lumbar erector spinae; TA, tibialis anterior; ISI, interspike interval; 26 RMS, root mean square; CV, coefficient of variation; IQR, interquartile range; PI...

[Purpose] To analyze the electromyographic (EMG) activities of several lower extremity muscles during ground walking and pedaling using the Pedalo Reha-Bar device. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen healthy adults aged 20-29 year participated in this study. The subjects' surface EMG signals while walking and Pedalo Reha-Bar riding were recorded. The subjects performed 20 steps on flat ground and 20...

This study investigated the effects of visual cues, muscular fatigue, task performance and experience of working on inclined surfaces on activity of postural muscles in the lower limbs associated with maintaining balance on three inclined surfaces - 0°, 14° and 26°. Normalised electromyographic (NEMG) data were collected in 44 professional roofers bilaterally from the rectus femoris, biceps fem...

Objective: The aim of this work was to explore the therapeutic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in SD rats’ ischemic hind limb. Methods: Ligation of the abdominal aorta beneath the renal artery, the lumbar artery and the iliolumbar artery, was performed to obtain the hindlimb ischemia model in female SD rats. Amplified and purified bone marrow-derived mesench...

This study investigated the lower extremity preventive measures for slips on simulated slippery surfaces in construction worksites. A total of 15 harnessed Chinese males walked without slips on a 5-m walkway in 16 simulated conditions 10 times at their natural cadence. Joint moments were calculated from kinetics, kinematics and anthropometric data recorded from a force plate, a Novel Pedar syst...

Quantitative telemetered electromyography from the four heads of the quadriceps femoris (vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis) during normal postures and locomotion (quadrupedal resting, walk/run, gallop and leaping) is presented for the brown lemur, Lemur fulvus. The vastus intermedius is the sole contributor to muscle recruitment during quadrupedal resting ...