We have examined the effect of complete cell recycle on the production of cholera toxin (CT) by Vibrio cholerae and CT-like toxin by Vibrio mimicus in continuous culture fermentations. Complete cell recycle was obtained by filtering culture fluids through Amicon hollow fibers with an exclusion limit of 100,000 daltons (H1P100-20) and returning the concentrated cell slurry to the fermentor. A si...

Bowman et al. provide a novel explanation for why activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) migrate from the cell surface to the endosomes (1). The study indicates that GPCRs that have moved to certain locations on endosomes activate specifi c genes—and thus presumably induce different cellular responses. GPCRs help us perceive our surroundings, control our blood pressure, mobilize our immu...

The correlation between a random sequence and its transformed sequences is studied. In the case of a permutation operation or, in other word, the shuffling operation, it is shown that the correlation can be so small that the sequences can be regarded as independent random sequences. The applications to the Monte Carlo simulations are also given. This method is especially useful in the Ising Mon...

In this paper, first we identify the destruction ways of concrete constructions and the benefits of waste management and the plans to recycle the concrete debris were investigated and it was concluded that the existence of plans to recycle the concrete debris could lead to big economic save ups and by recycling these debris we can create affordable ways for concrete making centers. By the way, ...

Factorial experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of chlorination filtrate recycle on toxicity and organically bound chlorine in the first two stages of softwood kraftpulp bleaching. The effects of the mode of chemical addition, the substitution of chlorine dioxide, and the kappa factor were also studied. A continuous laboratory-scale (6.0 o.d.g/min) chlorination apparatus was desi...