Light-emitting diodes (LED), which are designed as quasi-monochromatic light sources, can also function as spectrally selective photodiodes. This provides a new kind of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensor that is inexpensive and has much better stability over time than interference filters used in some PAR sensors. The action spectrum of photosynthesis in green plants has principle...

The proper selection and optimization of light gas-permeable membranes in the culture flasks, can benefit plant quality improve ex vitro acclimatization capacity. objective was to compare morpho-physiological responses sugarcane plants different LEDs sealing flask types their impact acclimatization. Plants previously established were used inoculated flasks sealed with rigid caps or without gas-...

the current study examines contradictions in muhammad mahdi al-jawahiri’s political poetry. al-jawahiri led most of his life amidst the turmoil caused by the political events and developments that iraq has undergone through different periods beginning with the 1920 revolution led by religious leaders and ending with al-ba‘th party and saddam hussein. al-jawahiri has beencontradictory in his poe...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Red light phototherapy with laser sources has been used successfully for a number of indications. A new generation of quasimonochromatic 630 +/- 3 nm light-emitting diode (LED) systems has recently been yielding good results for the same indications, but no study has examined changes in visible red light irradiated skin at an immunological level. This study was thus designed...

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a succulent, facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant. Plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics were studied when M. crystallinum plants were grown indoor under light emitting diodes (LED)-lighting with adequate water supply. Plants were cultured aeroponically for a 16-h photoperiod at an equal photosynthetic photon flux density of 350 μmol m-...