Connecting two PMSMs in parallel to a 2-level 3-leg inverter gives way build up high power-density driving system using existing electronic devices. But this type of has nature nonlinearity that creates an obstacle performance control and the original cannot be feedback-linearized directly. This article presents reduced-order feedback-linearization method. In first place, extra order-reducing s...

This paper investigates a class of Lagrangian control systems with n degrees-offreedom (DOF) and n − 1 actuators, assuming that n − 1 virtual holonomic constraints have been enforced via feedback, and a basic regularity condition holds. The reduced dynamics of such systems are described by a second-order unforced differential equation. We present necessary and sufficient conditions under which ...

There are methods to increase fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency through optical sensor-based nitrogen application; however, the sensors are expensive and cost prohibitive to farmers in the developing world. This study evaluated a novel, reduced cost, prototype, and optical sensor to determine if it could be used with the same level of accuracy as a commercial sensor. The stability of the proto...

This paper examines the motivations for the construction of consumer decision tools (CDTs). CDTs are Web-based decision support systems aimed at improving the quality of consumer decisions. CDTs are useful for high involvement choices, such as car or university programme selection, where the consumer is strongly affected by the outcome. Firms will supply CDTs only when they desire informed, mut...

in this paper, reduced order proper orthogonal decomposition method has been used for simulation of unsteady incompressible flow fields. after projection of the governing equations along pod modes, a low-dimensional dynamical system is achieved. normally, standard low-dimensional models, due to some reasons, do not predict time variations of flow field accurately. accuracy of dynamical system h...

Model predictive controllers use dynamics models to solve constrained optimal control problems. However, computational requirements for real-time have limited their systems with low-dimensional models. Nevertheless, high-dimensional arise in many settings, example, discretization methods genera...

As a mathematical model of high-speed flow and shock wave propagation in complex multimaterial setting, Lagrangian hydrodynamics is characterized by moving meshes, advection-dominated solutions, fronts with sharp gradients. These challenges hinder the existing projection-based reduction schemes from being practical. We develop several variations reduced order techniques for introducing three di...