consumption of water at the King Edward VII. Hospital, Cardiff, was carefully noted at the time by the hospital authorities, who were prepared to give reasons for the increased consumption, but delayed communicating with the Press until the Corporation had considered the proposal to increase their contribution to the hospital. Now that that has been dealt with, it is only fair to the hospital t...

Arguments over the relative importance of increasing consumption ('quantity') versus improving water safety ('quality') have been taking place since at least the beginning of the first United Nations water decade (the 1980s). For those living distant from a water source, using only around 3‐4 litres per person per day, and often suffering from hygiene related disease, the logical priority is to...

At the commencement of this paper it was stated that the | Bara river crossed the Mahmaud tract obliquely towards the I north-east. In tlii3 course it flows about a mile to the south of the city, which, with cantonments, it will be remembered, occupies the north-eastern verge of that elevated tract. Its level at this part, however, is too low to admit of its water being drawn off for the use of...

This paper discusses some theories of constructivist learning and the relevance of software models with experiential learning. The applications of Empirical Modelling for two different kinds of teaching models are explored and compared against implementations using procedural languages. Using a series of models of a water supply system, the paper demonstrates the use of an Empirical Modelling a...

Experimental evidence indicates that the stomatal conductance and nitrogen concentration ([N]) of foliage decline under CO2 enrichment, and that the percentage growth response to elevated CO2 is amplified under water limitation, but reduced under nitrogen limitation. We advance simple explanations for these responses based on an optimisation hypothesis applied to a simple model of the annual ca...

At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg in 2002, the international community agreed to a target to halve the proportion of people who lack access to basic sanitation by 2015. Available information paints a grim picture of the water and sanitation conditions in much of the developing countries. The great majority of these people live in Asia and Africa. Over one-hal...