The durability of a concrete bridge structure is systematic problem composed material, structure, natural environment, and service environment. Various factors are coupled, which affect each other, single-factor research cannot fundamentally solve this problem. In paper, the carbonation characteristics RC beams with different loading states under coupling action chloride erosion studied. Throug...

Cold-formed steel members are usually used as purlins in buildings to support roof cladding and thus they can be treated beams restrained fully or partially the lateral torsional directions. However, when these subjected wind suction loading, their free flange is compression, which may cause web–flange distortional buckling (WFDB). This paper presents an analytical study on WFDB of zed-section ...

In this article free vibration of a Timoshenko nanobeam with variable cross-section is investigated using nonlocal elasticity theory within the scope of continuum mechanics. Small scale effects are modelled after Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory while the non-uniformity is presented by exponentially varying width through the beam length with constant thickness. Analytical solution is achiev...

An analytical study along with a numerical investigation is conducted to determine the lateral buckling strength of thin-walled open-section I shape composite beams. Based on Vlasov-type linear hypothesis beam stiffness coefficients, which account for a cross section geometry and material anisotropy of the section, are obtained. In this study the axial and bending coupling terms ( A,, , A,, , D...

The main object of this research is to optimize an end-filled castellated beam. In order to support high shear forces close to the connections, sometimes it becomes necessary to fill certain holes in web opening beam. This is done by inserting steel plates and welding from both sides. Optimization of these beams is carried out using three meta-heuristic methods involves CSS, CBO, and CBO-PSO al...

Torsional demand acting on beams can significantly effect structural behavior and cause high-local stresses. The torsional resistance of be potentially increased by using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. In this study, basalt (BFRP) carbon (CFRP) fabrics with different layouts are used to strength the steel I-beams, enhancement in is investigated experimentally numerically. First, 12 spec...

The responsibility of a Structural Engineer lies in not merely designing the structure based on safety and serviceability considerations but he also has to consider the functional requirements based on the use to which the structure is intended. While designing a power plant structure or a multi-storeyed building, the traditional structural steel framing consists of beams and girders with solid...

It is being a common engineering practice to use steel beams with web openings in buildings requiring long spans, besides giving an important additional advantage of allowing services through instead underneath the beams. The presence these penalizing carrying capacity at ambient temperature and case fire due large cells double nonlinearity geometric material complex behaviour take place. In th...

frps (fiber reinforced polymer) possess many favorable characteristics suitable and applicable for construction industry when compared with steel reinforcement. there are new ideas to use frps as longitudinal or transverse reinforcement for new concrete elements particularly for bridge decks or beams. although high tensile strength of frp is main characteristic for applications at both areas, i...