To elucidate physical processes responsible for the response of U.S. surface temperatures to El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the surface energy balance is diagnosed from observations, with emphasis on the role of clouds, water vapor, and land surface properties associated with snow cover and soil moisture. Results for the winter season (December–February) indicate that U.S. surface temper...

This paper addresses the refinement and testing of a simple downwelling longwave radiation model. Oklahoma atmospheric surface-layer instrumentation system (OASIS) radiation data in combination with Oklahoma Mesonet weather data were used to evaluate various techniques for estimating downwelling longwave radiation, for daytime and nighttime as well as clear and cloudy skies. The Brutsaert [Wate...

Introduction Closing the surface energy budget (SEB) is one of the longest outstanding problems in micro-meteorology. At the earth’s surface the net radiation (QN), consisting of the budget of shortwave incoming (K), shortwave outgoing (K), longwave incoming (L) and longwave outgoing radiation (L), should be balanced by the transport of heat into the soil (G) and to the atmosphere in the form o...

Loadings of tropospheric aerosols have increased substantially over the past 150 yr as a consequence of industrial activities. These aerosols enhance reflection of solar radiation by the Earth-atmosphere system both directly, by scattering light in clear air and, indirectly, by increasing the reflectivity of clouds. The magnitude of the resultant decrease in absorption of solar radiation is est...

29 Recent developments of remote sensing methods for Earth satellite data analysis 30 contribute to our understanding of earthquake related thermal anomalies. It was realized 31 that the thermal heat fluxes over areas of earthquake preparation is a result of air 32 ionization by radon (and other gases) and consequent water vapor condensation on newly 33 formed ions. Latent heat (LH) is released...

This article focuses on the short-term prediction algorithm for ice condensation highway pavement. Solar radiation, ground long wave and atmospheric inverse radiation are main factors affecting road surface temperature changes. According to principle of heat transfer, there is a balance relationship among these three factors. Therefore, based between radiations physical formula, this designs ic...

the main driving force of the earth atmospheric system is solar radiation. radiation flux determines the surface temperature and impacts life on the earth through photosynthesis. a quantitative knowledge of the earth radiation field is important to evaluate the atmosphere–surface interactions and the global hydrological cycle. various atmospheric radiative transfer models have been proposed in ...

Despite increasing scientific scrutiny in recent years, the direct impact of the ozone hole on surface temperatures over Antarctica remains uncertain. Here, we explore this question by using the Community Earth System Model Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM-WACCM), contrasting two ensembles of runs with and without stratospheric ozone depletion. We find that, during austral spring,...

Satellite observations of temperature, water vapor, precipitation and longwave radiation are used to characterize the variation of the tropical hydrologic and energy budgets associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). As the tropical oceans warm during an El Niño event, the precipitation intensity, water vapor mass, and temperature of the tropical atmosphere are observed to increas...

Despite increasing scientific scrutiny in recent years, the direct impact of the ozone hole on surface temperatures over Antarctica remains uncertain. Here, this question is explored by using the Community Earth System Model–Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (CESM-WACCM), contrasting two ensembles of runs with and without stratospheric ozone depletion. It is found that, during austral sp...