This epidemiological investigation examines the impact of several environmental sanitation conditions and hygiene practices on diarrhea occurrence among children under five years of age living in an urban area. The case-control design was employed; 997 cases and 999 controls were included in the investigation. Cases were defined as children with diarrhea and controls were randomly selected amon...

of the horse-shoe to which the city of Bombay may be likened. Year after year protests have arisen as to this method of disposal, but with the true Oriental apathy which seems to characterize most of the public departments in Bombay, the matter has been allowed to drag along, and even now is not entirely settled. Two years and a half ago we were informed by a high official in the Bombay Municip...

Purpose: Solid waste is the remnant of refuse that collected and discarded by public either in a managed system or mismanaged way. It also includes garbage trash which consists everyday items public, for example plastic papers containers, kitchen refuse, market waste. The general objective study was to examine influence stakeholder’s participation management solid disposal. A critical literatur...

Conversion of organic wastes, including night-soil, into manures has been practised for a number of years. Among the methods so far developed, those of Hutchinson and Richards (1921), Waksman and co-workers (1927), Fowler (1930) and Howard and Wad (1931) are most extensively adopted. These methods involve fermentation under essentially aerobic conditions. They are fairly rapid, but they also in...

Calyptrate fly populations were monitored with sticky traps at the following sites in Hampshire, UK during August to November 1998: a landfill and composting site (Paulsgrove), a site adjacent to this landfill (Port Solent), a site with no landfill nearby (Gosport), and a composting site with no landfill nearby. Overall, house flies Musca domestica (Linnaeus) and lesser house flies Fannia spp. ...