The effects of context reinstatement as means of enhancing 5and 6-year-old children’s event memory in repeated interviews after a 6-month delay were examined. Children were interviewed immediately after the event (baseline interview) and twice at a 6-month delay, with 24 hours between interviews. The first 6-month interview was conducted in a perfect-context reinstatement (n1⁄4 15), imperfect-c...

A powerful force in human memory is the context in which memories are encoded (Tulving and Thomson, 1973). Several studies suggest that the reinstatement of neural encoding patterns is beneficial for memory retrieval (Manning et al., 2011; Staresina et al., 2012; Jafarpour et al., 2014). However, reinstatement of the original encoding context is not always helpful, for instance, when retrieving...

We hypothesized that environmental enrichment in rats may reduce cocaine-seeking behaviour elicited by cocaine-priming injections and by cocaine-associated cues. Rats trained to self-administer cocaine while housed in isolated conditions were then assigned to live in isolation or an enriched environment for 21 d of forced abstinence. Subsequently, extinction and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking...

The iboga alkaloid congener, 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC), decreases self-administration of multiple drugs of abuse. Here, in a biased procedure, we investigated whether 18-MC would have a similar effect on the acquisition, expression and reinstatement of a cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. While 18-MC attenuated acquisition of a cocaine CPP, it had no ef...

s | 39 Abstract Oxytocin has been proposed as a potential treatment approach in drug addiction, but little is known about the effects of oxytocin in translationally relevant models of addiction or the neurobiological substrates of the actions of oxytocin. This presentation highlights the ability of oxytocin to reduce drug taking and drug seeking in a rat model of methamphetamine (meth) addictio...

Numerous studies utilizing drug self-administration have shown the importance of conditioned cues in maintaining and reinstating addictive behaviors. However, most used simple cues that fail to replicate the complexity of cues present in human craving and addiction. We have recently shown that music can induce behavioral and neurochemical changes in rats following classical conditioning with ps...

Repeated cocaine alters glutamate neurotransmission, in part, by reducing cystine-glutamate exchange via system xc-, which maintains glutamate levels and receptor stimulation in the extrasynaptic compartment. In the present study, we undertook two approaches to determine the significance of plasticity involving system xc-. First, we examined whether the cysteine prodrug N-acetylcysteine attenua...

A time window is a limited period after an event initially occurs in which additional information can be integrated with the memory of that event. It shuts when the memory is forgotten. The time window hypothesis holds that the impact of a manipulation at diVerent points within the time window is nonuniform. In two operant conditioning experiments with 68 3month-old human infants, we tested the...

Numerous data indicated a significance for the brain dopaminergic pathways in the behavioral effects of cocaine, however recent research also demonstrated involvement of serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission and particularly 5-HT(1B) receptors in the reinforcing, discriminative stimulus and sensitizing effects of cocaine. In order to substantiate a role of these receptors in incentive motivation f...

The prediction that orienting response (OR) reinstatement is negatively related to the measure of common features, shared by the stimulus input and representations of preceding events, and positively related to the measure of their distinctive features, was examined. A nonsignificant test stimulus (TS) was presented after nine repetitions of a standard stimulus (SS), followed by two additional ...