BACKGROUND Immobilization-induced loss of muscle mass is a complex phenomenon with several parallels to sarcopenic and cachectic muscle loss. Muscle is a large organ with a protein turnover that is orders of magnitude larger than most other tissues. Thus, we hypothesize that muscle loss and regain is reflected by peptide biomarkers derived from type VI collagen processing released in the circul...

drought is the most restricting factor in agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. this research was conducted on 19 facultative and winter wheat genotypes grown under normal irrigation (n), early post-anthesis (s1), and late post-anthesis (s2) drought stress conditions. the experiments were conducted at karadj, arak, and jolgehrokh agricultural research stations in iran, during 2...

Increasing plant density is one of the main approaches of achieving higher yields for modern maize crop. However, there exists leaf redundancy for high-density maize, and leaves of the upper canopy shade more competent leaves at the middle strata. In a two-year field experiments, Jinhai5, a semi-compact corn cultivar, was grown at a density of 105,000 plants ha-1 grown until 3 days after silkin...

The effects of increased sink-source ratios, induced by elevating night temperatures, on remobilization of (14)C-assimilates and N within field-grown soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) was investigated from preflowering to maturity. Raising the mean minimum night temperature for the entire growing season from 10 (check, uncontrolled) to 16 degrees C increased seed growth without appreciable effe...

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L) is perennial, C4 grass with great potential as a biofuel crop. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms that control mineral uptake, distribution and remobilization will benefit sustainable production. Nutrients are mobilized from aerial portions to below-ground crowns and rhizomes as a natural accompaniment to above-ground senescence post seed-set. Mineral u...

Despite its agronomic importance, the metabolic networks mediating phosphorus (P) remobilization during plant senescence are poorly understood. Highly efficient P remobilization (~85%) from senescing leaves and proteoid roots of harsh hakea (Hakea prostrata), a native 'extremophile' plant of south-western Australia, was linked with striking up-regulation of cell wall-localized and intracellular...

How the remobilization of S and N reserves can meet the needs of seeds of oilseed rape subject to limitation of S fertilization remains largely unclear. Thus, this survey aims to determine the incidence of sulphate restriction [low S (LS)] applied at bolting [growth stage (GS) 32], visible bud (GS 53), and start of pod filling (GS 70) on source-sink relationships for S and N, and on the dynamic...

The transcriptomes of senescing flag leaves collected from barley field plots with standard or high nitrogen supply were compared to identify genes specifically associated with nitrogen remobilization during leaf senescence under agronomically relevant conditions. In flag leaves collected in field plots with high nitrogen supply, the decline in chlorophyll content was delayed. By comparing chan...

Remobilization of internal resources is an important mechanism enabling plants to be partly independent of external nutrient availability. We assessed resource remobilization during the growing period in woody and foliar tissues of leafy branches of mature evergreen Mediterranean oak (Quercus ilex L.) at three field sites. We compared nonstructural carbohydrates, lipids, nitrogen and phosphorus...