We encountered a case with a gastric varix that drained into the gastro-renal shunt, left pericardiacophrenic vein, and several other dilated collateral veins. This patient had a circumaortic venous ring. For this case we successfully performed balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration in which sclerotic agents were infused from the balloon catheter advanced to the left pre-aortic re...

heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to provide nutrient supply to tissues. in 75% of cases, the underlying pathology causing heart failure in patients with cardiac death is coronary heart disease. a rabbit model of heart failure with coronary ligation was produced to mimic coronary heart disease in humans. after producing the model, two arteries and ...

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to provide nutrient supply to tissues. In 75% of cases, the underlying pathology causing heart failure in patients with cardiac death is coronary heart disease. A rabbit model of heart failure with coronary ligation was produced to mimic coronary heart disease in humans. After producing the model, two arteries ...

Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) is a common concern for premenopausal, multiparous women with chronic pelvic pain persisting greater than 6 months. It is defined as observable congestion of pelvic veins due to pelvic varicosities that cause reflux and dilation of ovarian veins, resulting in venostasis [1,2]. Although the etiology is unknown, PCS is associated with anterior, posterior or circum...

At the time of hemodialysis vascular access evaluation, many chronic kidney disease patients already have iatrogenic injury to their veins which impedes the surgical construction of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Achieving the important goal of a greater prevalence of arteriovenous fistulae in the US hemodialysis population will require identification of those patients prior to reaching end-st...

A previously healthy young man presented with acute renal failure due to extensive spontaneous deep vein thrombosis, including the inferior vena cava (IVC) and both renal veins. The patient was treated with selectively delivered thrombolytic therapy over a 7-day-period, which resulted in renal vein patency and complete recovery of renal function. A stent was placed over a segment stenosis of th...

vascular variations and the accidental cutting of veins and arteries potentially create problems during surgery and medical treatment. the surgeon's awareness of a vascular variation in the kidneys is essential during renal surgery and transplantation, color doppler imaging, gonadal surgery and in the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurism. this awareness can improve the patient's r...

Renal venogram is often used to diagnose renal vein thrombosis or evaluate renal venous system for kidney transplant patients and donors. The existing MRI technique for renal venogram is delayed Gd enhanced MRA. The contrast enhanced technique has its limitations: 1: the arterial contamination; 2: the potential association between the gadolinium-contrast and the nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (N...

Inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcoma represents an extremely rare disease that commonly involves the segment between the inflow of the renal veins and the inflow of the hepatic veins (46% of cases). We report the case of a patient affected by an IVC leiomyosarcoma, treated with surgical resection, caval reconstruction with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and right nephrectomy, followed by ex...

Venous thrombophilia is the result of clotting changes namely of a hypercoagulable state together with blood flow and vessel wall changes. There is no need for all these components to be present in order for thrombosis to occur. As the matter of fact, thrombosis may occur even if only one of these conditions is present. In clinical practice a combination of factors is usualy seen. In comparison...