control of robotic systems is an interesting subject due to their wide spectrum applications in medicine, aerospace and other industries. this paper proposes a novel continuous control mechanism for tracking problem of a 5-dof upper-limb exoskeleton robot. the proposed method is a combination of a recently developed robust integral of the sign of the error (rise) feedback and neural network (nn...

We consider one-dimensional steady-state conservation laws with discontinuous solutions. Giles and Pierce [7] realized that a shock leads to a new term in the adjoint error representation for target functionals. This term disappears if and only if the adjoint solution satisfies an internal boundary condition. Curiously, most computer codes implementing adjoint error estimation ignore the new te...

nasoalveolar molding represents a paradigm shift from traditional presurgical orthopedics in the care of cleft lip and palate patients which has been applied increasingly in the past two decades. this article is a review of recent literature apropos of objectives, appliances, complications and short and long term effects of this technique.

‎In this paper‎, ‎indirect collocation approach based on compactly supported radial basis function (CSRBF) is applied for solving Volterra's population model. The method reduces the solution of this problem to the solution of a system of algebraic equations‎. ‎Volterra's model is a non-linear integro-differential equation where the integral term represents the effect of toxin‎. ‎To solve the pr...