conclusions pain management in patients with liver dysfunction is always challenging to physicians because of the adverse reactions of drugs, especially opioids. opioids should be used cautiously since they can cause sedation, constipation and sudden encephalopathy effects. since the clearance of these drugs in patients with hepatic insufficiency is decreased, the initial dose must be decreased...

eggshell was found to be a versatile heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives in good yields. this protocol has the advantages of environmental friendliness, short reaction time, low cost and convenient operation.

objective: this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of lichenoid reactions to anti hyperglycemic agents. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study, we examined the oral mucosa of 411 patients at the age of 29 to 85 in 3 groups who consumed various antihyperglycemic agents. results: in overall, 31 patients had lichenoid reactions (12 patients taking glibenc...

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The problem that occurs at the school level is students often look less able to communicate with their teachers when they pass by or just reprimand teacher, unless teacher has taught them in class, do not listen and obey advice of teacher. From problems above Researchers have a goal explain social competence students, interpersonal communication examine relationship between communication. This ...

The realization of receipt warning letters, coercion letters and confiscation in Batam City has not yet reached 100%, this non-realization may be caused by the ineffective collection through confiscation. purpose study was to see whether reprimand, tax were effective increasing income revenue at KPP Pratama Selatan. This type research is a quantitative descriptive using data form numbers for an...

This study aims to determine the role of teacher as a motivator and mentor in shaping discipline children's prayer at Al-Qur'an Education Park Surau Balenggek Sikabu Bukit, Lubuk Alung. (1) Background: The implementation education (TPA) is not going well. Due lack motivation from within students awareness themselves their obligations Muslims establish/perform five daily prayers day night; (2) M...

background: renal failure is an important adverse effect of drug poisoning. determining the prevalence and etiology of this serious side effect could help us find appropriate strategies for the prevention of renal failure in most affected patients. objectives: the present study is aimed to identify drugs that induce renal failure and also to find the prevalence of renal failure in patients refe...

letter to the editor

background and objectives: pharmacovigilance is central to the control of the menace of adverse drugs reactions. despite the fact that development of policy and practice framework to improve patients’ safety partly rely on availability of authentic data on pharmacovigilance activities, knowledge about pharmacovigilance activities among healthcare professionals in nigeria is limited. to help fil...