Many of the studies on emerging epidemics (such as SARS and pandemic flu) use mass action models to estimate reproductive numbers and the needed control measures. In reality, transmission patterns are more complex due to the presence of various social networks. One level of complexity can be accommodated by considering a community of households. Our study of transmission dynamics in a community...

for the current research the records of 62 farms in isfahan province were available. to estimate genetic and phonotypic trends of reproductive traits such as age at first calving, calving interval, days open and number of insemination to conception rate the records of 63,866 cows including 167793 reproductive records were employed. farms were covered by vahdat industrial agriculturists and dair...

in vitro propagated and conventional runner propagated plantlets of strawberry (fragaria×ananassa duch) cv. ‘festival’ were transferred to the field and the size of crown for plants derived from both sources of planting material were compared. four sizes of the crown, i.e., < 0.5, 0.5-0.8, 0.8-1, and > 1 cm were taken from both sources of planting material. the results obtained flashed that veg...

background: in recent years, concerns have been raised about human reproductive disorders. caffeine consumption is increasing by the world’s population and there is a relationship between caffeine intake and adverse reproductive outcomes. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on implantation sites, number of live births, birth weight, crown-rump length (crl) and abnormal...

Reproductive abnormalities cause major losses of sheep production. Abattoir materials were used todetermine the extent of reproductive wastage. Reproductive tracts were collected from 524 ewes slaughtered at Urmia slaughter-house in Urmia, northwest of Iran, during a period of 12 months. Overall, 30.10% of the ewes examined were pregnant. A total of 149 (28.44%) tracts developed acquired reprod...

Background: Human Papilloma viruses (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) and the most important pathogenic factor for cervical intraepithelial lesions and carcinoma therefore a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was designed to investigate reproductive and medical factors associated with HPV infection in women referred to Colposcopy clin...

BACKGROUND With the increased occurrence of outbreaks of H5N1 worldwide there is concern that the virus could enter commercial poultry farms with severe economic consequences. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We analyse data from four recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in commercial poultry to estimate the farm-to-farm reproductive number for HPAI. The reproductive num...

background: this study evaluated the reproductive health rights, women empowerment and gender equity in a rural area of bangladesh. methods: three hundred married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in meherpur district, bangladesh were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and purposing sampling techniques. the logistic regression analysis was used to determine the dominating factor...