PURPOSE To review current literature on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-mediated pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets in ocular diseases. METHODS A comprehensive literature survey was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases published from 1977 to 2016. The search terms were a RAS, angiotensin, angiotensin receptor, prorenin, pro (renin) receptor, angiotensin conv...

this study was motivated by three factors, which also contribute to its significance for today’s academic writing. first, research articles are the significant means of communication between the writers all over the world. second, persuasion and organization are crucial notions in academic writing where the authors have to consider the academic audiences and their needs.  third, some writers ar...

RAS mutations play an important role in thyroid tumorigenesis. Considerable effort has been made in the last decade to apply RAS mutations as molecular markers to the clinical management of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer. Yet, for the low diagnostic sensitivities and specificities of RAS mutations, when used alone, and for their uncertain role in the clinical outcomes of thyroid cancer, it ...

The study of epistemic modality in research articles (RAs) has been found many papers. However, the investigation abstract section RAs viewed from Systemic Functional Linguistics is rarely conducted, especially mechanical engineering RAs. Therefore, purpose this was to investigate roles A number 50 abstracts were collected Scopus Q-1 journal entitled “International Journal Machine Tools and Man...

Despite the importance of hedging in academic productions, its use in different disciplines and genres has been given little attention (Hyland, 1998; Crystal, 1995). More precisely, the role of different genders as contributors to this social phenomenon (i.e., research articles) has been taken as neutral, as if gender is inconsequential in identity construction. The studies done in English sugg...

Microbial factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Because of similarities in the characteristics of peptic ulcers and oral aphthous ulcers, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) could play a role in the development of RAS. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between H. pylori and RAS using t...