derik geothermal region has area of 242 km2 and is located 10 km to the west of salmas city in west azarbaijan province of iran. the most outstanding surface manifestations of geothermal energy in this region are three warm springs and outcrops of travertine deposits and quaternary basalt outcrops around warm springs. temperature range of warm springs varies from 31 to 32.6 °c. we visited and s...

visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is a serious health problem in some northern and south western parts of iran. the incidence of kala-azar caused by leishmania infantum has recently increased in nourabad-mamassani district of fars province, in the south of the country. this study was designed to determine the role of asymptomatic dogs as host reservoir of l. infantum in this new formed focus a...

To determine the specificity of Morogoro virus for its reservoir host, we studied its host range and genetic diversity in Tanzania. We found that 2 rodent species other than Mastomys natalensis mice carry arenaviruses. Analysis of 340 nt of the viral RNA polymerase gene showed sympatric occurrence of 3 distinct arenaviruses.

Animal and plant species differ dramatically in their quality as hosts for multi-host pathogens, but the causes of this variation are poorly understood. A group of small mammals, including small rodents and shrews, are among the most competent natural reservoirs for three tick-borne zoonotic pathogens, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, in eastern North Americ...

A series of intensive, longitudinal, mark-recapture studies of hantavirus infection dynamics in reservoir populations in the southwestern United States indicates consistent patterns as well as important differences among sites and host-virus associations. All studies found a higher prevalence of infection in older (particularly male) mice; one study associated wounds with seropositivity. These ...

Knowledge of infection reservoir dynamics is critical for effective disease control, but identifying reservoirs of multi-host pathogens is challenging. Here, we synthesize several lines of evidence to investigate rabies reservoirs in complex carnivore communities of the Serengeti ecological region in northwest Tanzania, where the disease has been confirmed in 12 carnivore species.Long-term moni...

The variation of the composition in species of host communities can modify the risk of disease transmission. In particular, the introduction of a new host species can increase health threats by adding a new reservoir and/or by amplifying the circulation of either exotic or native pathogens. Lyme borreliosis is a multi-host vector-borne disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Borrelia burgdo...

The definition of a reservoir has changed significantly in the last century, making it necessary to study zoonosis from a broader perspective. One important example is that of Leishmania, zoonotic multi-host parasites maintained by several mammal species in nature. The magnitude of the health problem represented by leishmaniasis combined with the complexity of its epidemiology make it necessary...

Bats are reported as reservoir host for several viruses, which cause significant illness in human and animals. Some of the bat transmitted zoonotic viral diseases such as Ebola, Hendra, Nipah and rabies may cause severe human casualties. They also harbor several other viruses such as MERS and SARS corona viruses, which may cause disease in human through direct spillover to human or through an i...