storage (e.g., Wayburn et al. 2000 and Perez-Garcia et al. 2004). Urban forests also retain some capacity to store carbon in shade trees and associated landscaping and play an important role in conserving energy in home and business heating and cooling (McPherson and Simpson 1999, Nowak and Crane 2002). Alig (2003) suggests that a mixture of forest-based greenhouse gas reduction strategies nati...

the image of most iranian cities like mashhad as a metropolis indicates not only the contrast between old and new urban textures but also illustrates a new texture of not more than 50 years old whose design is disorganized and disordered. despite enjoying a detailed plan (1956-91), piroozi boulevard in rezashahr area with residential land use, low density and plots of over 500 m2 is really in a...

The extent and distribution of global forests is a matter of considerable concern. The overall rate of deforestation remains high although recent reports suggest it is fi nally beginning to decline (FAO 2011 ) . But this hides regional differences. In temperate regions net forest cover is increasing because of afforestation and natural expansion of forests. By contrast, net forest cover in most...

Hydrological status and water table fluctuations are directly related to land use and/or land cover (LULC) changes in each area. In this research, the impact of LULC changes on groundwater quantity and quality of Khan-Mirza Plain, in the northern Karun watersheds, was investigated. For this purpose, Landsat 5, 7 and 8 satellite images and ETM and OLI sensors were employed to prepare the L...

Declining profi tability of agriculture and/or higher prices of forest products and services typically drive an increase in forest cover. This article examines changes in forest cover in Candelaria Loxicha, Mexico. Forest cover increased in the area as a result of coffee cultivation in coffee forest-garden systems. Dependence on forest products and services, and not prices of forest products, d...

Forest succession on degraded tropical lands often is slowed by impoverished seed banks and low rates of seed dispersal. Within degraded landscapes, remnant forests are potential seed sources that could enhance nearby forest succession. The spatial extent that forest can influence succession, however, remains largely unstudied. In abandoned agricultural lands in Kibale National Park, Uganda, re...

Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that allow multivariate estimation of snag density by snag quality class. ...