Today the method commonly used for detecting gunshot residue is through the combined use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In recent years, this same methodology began to find use in detecting and characterizing pyrotechnic reaction residue (PRR) particles whether produced by explosion or burning. This is accomplished by collecting particulate sampl...

Black carbon (BC) is an important part of the combustion product commonly referred to as soot1. BC in indoor environments is largely due to cooking with biofuels such as wood, dung and crop residue. Outdoors, it is due to fossil fuel combustion (diesel and coal), open biomass burning (associated with deforestation and crop residue burning), and cooking with biofuels1. Soot aerosols absorb and s...

The objective of this paper is to understand the effect of droplet size (decreasing from a millimeter scale to a micron scale) on the combustion characteristics of nanofluid fuels (liquid fuels with suspensions of energetic nanoparticles). An experiment was developed to produce a droplet stream with droplet sizes ranging from 100-500 μm and spacing between 200-600 μm. The droplet stream was ign...

Abstract Environmental alarms like climate change and rising air pollution levels in north India, particularly the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR), draw attention to severe issue of Rice straw burning. Straw burning is common practice Punjab Haryana’s Indo-Gangetic plains. Large-scale residues (straw stubble) a problem that emits Green House Gases (GHGs) while polluting air, posing health p...