THIS conclusion has led the Royal Commission to recommend doubling the existing numbers of doctors within the next 30 years. This is an expensive proposal that is likely to add many millions of pounds to the annual budget of the nation. It requires careful examination. Estimates of medical manpower requirements are fraught with difficulties and hazards. The proposals of the Willink Committee (1...

Enhancing water use efficiency (WUE) is the key approach to maintain sustainable water resource supply. Due to the complexity of the water cycle, accurate estimation of WUE at the regional scale is a challenging task. Here we presented a framework of relative water use efficiency (RWUE). According to the linkage between RWUE and land use types, assessment of WUE at a regional scale could be per...

A global overview of dam-based impacts on large river systems shows that over half (172 out of 292) are affected by dams, including the eight most biogeographically diverse. Dam-impacted catchments experience higher irrigation pressure and about 25 times more economic activity per unit of water than do unaffected catchments. In view of projected changes in climate and water resource use, these ...

Chile contains some of the driest areas in the world, yet human activities in these areas require large volumes of water, the result is regions experiencing high water scarcity leading to environmental degradation, conflicts and reduced industrial productivity. The aim of this paper was to quantify the water scarcity in the central and northern regions by calculating the water scarcity index—th...

In the past few decades, there have been extensive efforts on measuring sustainability. One example is the development of assessment tools based on sustainability indicators. Several individuals and organisations have suggested various indices for assessing sustainability. This paper focuses on the review of water sustainability assessment using the indicator-based approach. It discusses major ...

Credit scoring has become very important issue due to the recent growth of the credit industry, so the credit department of the bank faces a large amount of credit data. Clearly it is impossible analyzing this huge amount of data both in economic and manpower terms, so data mining techniques were employed for this purpose. So far many data mining methods are proposed to handle credit scoring pr...

Disentangling the relations between human migrations and water resources is relevant for food security and trade policy in water-scarce countries. It is commonly believed that human migrations are beneficial to the water endowments of origin countries for reducing the pressure on local resources. We show here that such belief is over-simplistic. We reframe the problem by considering the interna...