INTRODUCTION Extracorporeal lung assist, an extreme resource in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), is expanding its indications since knowledge about ventilator-induced lung injury has increased and protective ventilation has become the standard in ARF. METHODS A prospective study on seven adult sheep was conducted to quantify carbon dioxide (CO2) removal and evaluate the safety o...

The basic aim of this research was to establish the efficiency of filtering materials widely used in respiratory protection devices with particular interest in their porosity, degree of electric and changeable process parameters, such as the flow rate of the test nanoaerosol and the size range of nanoparticles. Tests were carried out with an NaCl solid aerosol of 3.2 × 105 particles/cm3 for the...

Growing concern over the availability of Respiratory protective devices (eg, filtering facepiece Respirators), in the face of the probable extreme demand brought on by a pandemic influenza, has prompted the suggestion that useful life of N95 filtering facepiece Respirator can be extended by the concurrent use of a surgical mask as an outer protective barrier over the Respirator. Personal protec...

INTRODUCTION Research into the prevention of ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has resulted in the development of a number of lung protective strategies, which have become commonplace in the treatment of critically ill patients. An increasing number of studies have applied lung protective ventila...

BACKGROUND Although thousands of infants under the age of 12 months die each year from pneumonia in Latin America, little is known regarding the true occurrence of pneumonia, wheezing and other related respiratory illnesses in this age group. METHODS AND RESULTS In order to describe the prevalence and risk factors for radiologically confirmed pneumonia during the first year of life, a birth-c...

人工呼吸は肺のみならず横隔膜を傷害し，横隔膜機能障害は不良な転帰に関係する。 人工呼吸による横隔膜傷害の機序には，①過剰な補助による低活動，②不十分な補助による過剰活動，③呼気相における奇異性収縮，④高い呼気終末陽圧の急激な減量，が挙げられる。 人工呼吸中の横隔膜傷害を予防するためには，適切なレベルの横隔膜活動を維持することが重要であり，吸気努力のモニタリングと注意深い人工呼吸器設定，患者-人工呼吸器非同調の回避がこれを可能にする。敗血症などの重症病態は横隔膜傷害を加速させるため，横隔膜保護を意識した人工呼吸戦略はICU患者の予後改善のために考慮されるべきである。本稿では，横隔膜の基礎知識，人工呼吸に関連した横隔膜機能障害の臨床エビデンスと発生機序，横隔膜保護戦略の要点を概説する。