Photovoltaic assisted reverse osmosis (PV-RO) has been proven an efficient renewable energy-based desalination technique to provide drinkable water, especially in remote areas. In this manuscript, a simulation based RO design system was adopted evaluate the performance for three cities of Pakistan, that is, Lahore, Hasil Pur, and Faisalabad. The inlet concentration Faisalabad reduced from 1495,...

We study the energy consumption optimization of a reverse osmosis water desalination process producing a constant permeate flow in the presence of feed concentration fluctuation. We propose a time-varying optimal operation strategy that can significantly reduce the specific energy consumption compared to time-invariant process operation. We present both computational and experimental results th...

In this study, the applicability of nanofiltration (NF) membranes as a pretreatment prior to reverse osmosis (RO) in seawater desalination was investigated. The membranes used wereNF270 and NF90 as the NF membranes, while the brackish water (BW) RO membrane BW30 was used as the RO membrane. In desalination tests, permeates of the NF membraneswere collected and used as the feed to th...

Over the past half century, reverse osmosis (RO) has grown from a nascent niche technology into most versatile and effective desalination advanced water treatment available. However

Thin Film Composite – Polyamide (TFC-PA) are commonly used reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in water desalination and waste water applications. Their poor chlorine tolerance and fouling characteristics constrain the life and performance leading to stringent chemical pretreatment requirements. In this context, development of fouling resistant and chlorine tolerant RO membranes would be relevant to...

In spite that three-quarters of the Earth's surface is covered by water, the shortage of freshwater supply is posing a great threat to human survival. Therefore, seawater desalination has been considered a useful method to produce freshwater, and their use has increased significantly over the past two decades. This paper presented a mathematical model for the transient laminar flow in the seawa...

While single-layer nanoporous graphene (NPG) has shown promise as a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination membrane, multilayer graphene membranes can be synthesized more economically than the single-layer material. In this work, we build upon the knowledge gained to date toward single-layer graphene to explore how multilayer NPG might serve as a RO membrane in water desalination using classical mol...

This study aims at studying the environmental effects of desalination byproducts and the cost analysis of desalination systems. Focus was made on the two widespread techniques of seawater desalination; the Multistage Flash (MSF) System and Reverse Osmosis (RO) system. These two technologies of thermal and membrane desalination have a substantial history and their industry is well established. M...