Shot-geophone migration, commonly accomplished using wavefield depth extrapolation (“survey sinking”), has a two way reverse time realization as well. The reverse time version permits imaging of overturned reflections. Shot-geophone migration differs from other prestack migrations in the definition of the prestack image volume which it creates. This difference is most clearly seen by identifyin...

The lack of an initial condition is one the major challenges in full-wave-equation depth extrapolation. This vertical partial derivative surface wavefield and cannot be provided by conventional seismic acquisition system. traditional solution to use value calculate assuming that velocity constant. However, for exploration on land, often not uniform. To solve this problem, we propose a new metho...

Abstract. Reverse-time migration (RTM) of teleseismic converted and free-surface reflected phases has been successful in helping to constrain the structure of the crust and upper mantle, but its accuracy is to a large extent determined by the background velocity model used in the underlying wave propagation. To this end, we develop a technique for RTM based wave-equation reflection tomography i...

Waveform inversion based on least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) usually involves Born modeling, which models the primary-only data. As a result, process handles only primaries and corresponding multiple elimination preprocessing of input data is required prior to imaging inversion. Otherwise, multiples left in are mapped as false reflectors, also known crosstalk, final image. At same t...

Seismic attenuation occurs during seismic wave propagation in a viscous medium, which will result poor image of subsurface structures. The compensation by directly amplifying the extrapolated wavefields may suffer from numerical instability because exponential for wavefields. To alleviate this issue, we have developed stabilized frequency-domain Q-compensated reverse time migration (FQ-RTM). In...