To better understand the role of radial glial (RG) cells in the evolution of the mammalian cerebral cortex, we investigated the role of RG cells in the dorsal cortex and dorsal ventricular ridge of the turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. Unlike mammals, the glial architecture of adult reptile consists mainly of ependymoradial glia, which share features with mammalian RG cells, and which may cont...

Renormalization group (RG) is, roughly speaking, a dynamical system determined by a map which represents a response of (a set of random) objects in consideration to a change of accuracy of observation, or ‘scale transformation’, on a parameter space of generating functions of quantities defined on the objects. The method is expected to analyze the asymptotic behaviors and critical phenomena of ...

Kv1.4 channel belongs to the family of voltage-gated potassium channels that mediate transient and rapidly inactivating A-type currents and N-type inactivation. This N-type inactivation can be removed by the deletion of N-terminal domains, which exhibit non-inactivating currents and C-type inactivation. In our previous report, we demonstrated that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) (Rg(3)), one of the act...

Incorporation of thermally reduced graphene oxide (RG-O) into the metal oxide semiconductor BiVO4 improves its photoactivity by about three times for sulfite oxidation. The enhancement of photoactivity is attributed to reduced electron–hole recombination of BiVO4 using the RG-O as a conductive matrix in the composite photocatalyst. Photoelectrochemical behavior of the BiVO4 and RG-O/BiVO4 compo...

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have capacities to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types in vitro. Red ginseng (RG) is known to have a wide range of pharmacological effects in vivo; however, the reports on its effects on hESCs are few. In this paper, we tried to demonstrate the effects of RG on the proliferation and differentiation of hESCs. Undifferentiated hESCs, embryoid bodies...

An array of different types of hyaluronic acid (HA)- and collagen-based products is available for filling soft-tissue defects. A major drawback of the current soft-tissue fillers is their inability to induce cell infiltration and new tissue formation. Our aim is to develop novel biodegradable injectable gels which induce soft tissue regeneration, initially resulting in integration and finally r...

1 Let (R, +, ·) be a ring and G a semigroup. Throughout this problem let h, l, m, n vary in G unless clearly fixed. From 3.1.7, we have the semigroup ring (R[G], +, ∗) of G over R with the well-defined multiplicative operation ∗ : R[G]×R[G] → R[G], (rg)g∈G ∗ (sg)g∈G → (tg)g∈G, where tg = ∑ hl=g rh · sl. Note that we are using ∗ to emphasize when the multiplication is in R[G]. (a) We will show t...

Abstract. Critical states are studied by a real space RG in the problem with strong diagonal disorder and long range power law hopping. The RG flow of the distribution of coupling parameters is characterized by a family of non-trivial fix points. We consider the RG flow of the distribution of participation ratios of eigenstates. Scaling of participation ratios is sensitive to the nature of the ...

Serum and liver metabolites in rats fed red ginseng (RG) were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass data were analyzed by partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to discriminate between control and RG groups and identify metabolites contributing to this discrimination. The RG group was clearly separated from the co...