e reviews by Izet Masic at al give me the pleasure of enjoying the passionate ideas and advances of Arabic medicine over the end of IX and beginning X centuries (1, 2, 3). ey state this the renaissance to several representative islamic authors such as Avicenna, Aver-roes, Rhazes, Avenzor, Ibn al-Nafis, Abulcasis, and many other wise men in di erent sciences and disciplines. is period is conside...

One of the earliest descriptions neuralgia dates back to John Fothergill in 1773.1 However, concept nerve pain can be traced physicians like Rhazes (d. 925), Haly Abbas 982), Avicenna 1037), and Jorjani 1137) who discussed multiple aspects neuropathic including its classification, etiology, differentiating characteristics, qualities, pharmacologic nonpharmacologic treatments.2 Currently, neurop...

Background Maternal lifestyle and behaviors during pregnancy have been associated with future health outcomes for mothers and babies. Iranian Traditional medicine, which is a holistically-oriented medical discipline, has special attitudes towards pregnancy. The purpose of the study is the investigation of maternal health in medical books of ancient Iran. This study is a systematic review scruti...

This paper investigates some of the ways that Chinese medicine has been transferred to the Western world and to Islamic territories. During the Golden Age of Islam (8th to 13th century CE), the herbal drug trade promoted significant commercial and scientific exchange between China and the Muslim world. Chinese herbal drugs have been described by medieval Muslim medical scholars such as Tabari (...

Even though, the term 'allergy' first appeared in the medical literature in 1906, allergic diseases such as asthma, urticaria and eczema have been known for centuries, and their history dates back to antiquity.1 In the Middle Ages, 'rose fever' was a well-known entity with symptoms similar to hay fever.2The first description of the clinical symptoms of hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis) is ...

Rufus of Ephesus, a famous ancient physician, lived about the years 80 - 150 CE. His theories stressed the importance of anatomy and he preferred pragmatic approach to diagnosis and treatment. In his work "On the Names of the Parts of the Human Body", he put in pragmatic effort to make a lexicon of anatomy for his pupils. In the introduction, he described it as a manual for the students of medi...

Endocrinology defined earlier as the study of cell communication via messenger molecules or hormones transversing extracellular space, now extends to inter and intra cellular spaces. Development of the understanding of functioning of endocrine glands parallels the evolution of clinical sciences in the history of medicine. For example Rhazes, died 925 A.D, discussed in detail the sex organs and ...

Epilepsy has been known to the human race before writing was discovered due to its bizarre and shocking symptoms, in prehistoric times people believed that angry Gods or evil spirits caused diseases and cured the sick. In the old Indian medicine, the concept of epilepsy was refined and developed in the famous book "Charaka Samhita" (400 B.C) which provided abundant references to all aspects of ...

During the Sassanid Empire in Persia (226-652 AD), there was a renaissance of humanistic sciences, including medicine, in the city of Gondi-Shapur. When the Islamic center of power moved to Baghdad in about 750 AD, physicians of Gondi-Shapur, including the dean of the medical school (a Nestorian Christian), gradually moved to Baghdad constructing hospitals and medical schools. Aided by the Pers...

OBJECTIVE One of the most common global disorders is related to gastrointestinal system. Functional dyspepsia (FD) defined as upper abdominal pain and discomfort in the absence of organic ailments is a prevalent disease without any confirmed medication. The purpose of this study was to find gastric disorders which might be coincidental to FD based on traditional Persian medicine (TPM). MATERI...