Multiple strains per plant and root-to-root (not seed-borne) transmission should favor rhizobia that invest in their own reproduction, rather than symbiotic N2 fixation, as analogous factors may favor pathogen virulence. But legumes can select for greater mutualism, controlling nodule O2 supply and reducing reproduction of rhizobia that fix less N2.

Most species in the Leguminosae (legume family) can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) via symbiotic bacteria (rhizobia) in root nodules. Here, the literature on legume-rhizobia symbioses in field soils was reviewed and genotypically characterised rhizobia related to the taxonomy of the legumes from which they were isolated. The Leguminosae was divided into three sub-families, the Caesalpinioideae, ...

Rhizobia are soil bacteria that form nodules on legumes and fix atmospheric nitrogen, reducing the need for chemical fertilisers. In most studies rhizobia described as alpha-proteobacteria have been studied extensively several decades. However, in recent years an increasing number of present beta- gamma-proteobacteria strains potential rhizobia-like bacteria. this study we identify isolated fro...

A century after the discovery of rhizobia, first Beta-proteobacteria species (beta-rhizobia) were isolated from legume nodules in South Africa and America. Since then, numerous belonging to Burkholderiaceae family have been isolated. The presence a highly branching lineage nodulation genes beta-rhizobia suggests long symbiotic history. In this review, we focus on beta-rhizobial genus Paraburkho...

The response of legumes to inoculation with rhizobia can be affected by many factors. Little work has been undertaken to examine how indigenous populations or rhizobia affect this response. We conducted a series of inoculation trials in four Hawaiian soils with six legume species (Glycine max, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus lunatus, Leucaena leucocephala, Arachis hypogaea, and Phaseolus vulgaris)...

Pseudomonas putida strain A313, a deleterious rhizosphere bacterium, reduced pea nitrogen content when inoculated alone or in combination with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae on plants in the presence of soil under greenhouse conditions. When plants were grown gnotobiotically in liquid media, mixed inocula of A313 and rhizobia gave a higher proportion of small evenly distributed nodules when...

A reduction in the viability of cowpea rhizobia was observed when Rhizobium trifolii IARI and cowpea Rhizobium strain 3824 were inoculated together in soil. The reduction in number of cowpea rhizobia in soil was found to be associated with the reduction in number of nodules per plant and retardation in plant growth. An antimicrobial substance was isolated from R. trifolii which, on electron mic...