Vocabulary acquisition is one of the hottest research fields in English learning, which has aroused researchers’ great attention in recent years. However, their focus is on vocabulary size, vocabulary learning strategies and receptive lexical ability, seldom to productive lexical ability. Writing is an important productive ability for EFL learners, and a myriad of writing researches show that i...

many textbooks include semantically related words and sometimes teachers add synonyms, antonyms, etc. to the words in order to present new vocabulary items without questioning the possible effects. this study sought to investigate the effect of teaching vocabulary through synonym, semantically unrelated, and hyponym sets based on higa’s (1963) proposed continuum. a total of 120 iranian intermed...

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In this paper the RWTH large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems developed for the IWSLT2016 evaluation campaign are described. This evaluation campaign focuses on transcribing spontaneous speech from Skype recordings. State-of-the-art bidirectional long shortterm memory (LSTM) and deep, multilingually boosted feed-forward neural network (FFNN) acoustic models are trained a...

This paper introduces and explores the use of IVEE, a technique for visualization and dynamic database queries applied to a database of transcriptions from various types of linguistic interaction. The use of IVEE is illustrated by presentation of data on vocabulary richness, verbal dominance, hesitance, uncertainty and liviliness, 1. Visualizing and exploring complex datasets with dynamic queri...

The abiotic and biotic gradients on mountains have enormous potential to improve our understanding of species distributions, species richness patterns and conservation. Here we describe how abiotic factors change with elevation, how flora and fauna respond to these changes and how elevational species richness patterns have been studied to uncover drivers of biodiversity. There are four main tre...